{"id":741,"date":"2018-02-10T14:50:12","date_gmt":"2018-02-10T14:50:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/?p=741"},"modified":"2018-02-11T16:05:14","modified_gmt":"2018-02-11T16:05:14","slug":"tangshan-earthquake-1976","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/zh-TW\/tangshan-earthquake-1976","title":{"rendered":"\u5510\u5c71\u5927\u5730\u9707\uff0c1976"},"content":{"rendered":"

English<\/a><\/p>\n

1976\u5e747\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u83ef\u5317\u7684\u5510\u5c71\u7e23[1]<\/a> \u906d\u53d77.8\u7d1a\u5730\u9707\uff0c[2]<\/a> \u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u56b4\u91cd\u5f71\u97ff\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5929\u6d25\u5e02\u30027\u670828\u65e5\u51cc\u666803:42:53\u958b\u59cb\u767c\u751f\u5730\u9707\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u8a72\u5730\u5340\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u6b63\u5728\u7761\u5922\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002[3]<\/a> \u9192\u8457\u7684\u4eba\u5011\uff0c\u770b\u898b\u6771\u908a\u7684\u5929\u7a7a\u6709\u6578\u5343\u689d\u7684\u9583\u96fb\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u7d05\u8272\u7684\u592a\u967d\u5347\u8d77\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u807d\u5230\u50cf\u96f7\u4e00\u822c\u97ff\u4eae\u7684\u543c\u8072\uff0c\u6301\u7e8c\u7d0430\u79d2\uff0c[4]<\/a> \u63a5\u8457\u5c31\u5730\u9707\u4e86\u3002\u76f8\u7576\u6dfa\u5c64\u7684\u9707\u592e\uff08\u5728\u5730\u4e0b11\u516c\u91cc\u8655\uff09\u4f7f\u5f97\u9019\u500b\u5730\u9707\u6210\u70ba\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u7d1a\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u4e2d\u570b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5f37\u9707\u3002\u5510\u5c71\u906d\u53d7\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u7d1a\uff08\u6975\u5ea6\u7684\uff09\u640d\u5bb3\uff0c\u5929\u6d25\u5404\u5340\u906d\u53d76\u81f39\u7d1a\u7684\u640d\u5bb3\u3002\u6578\u6b21\u9918\u9707\u4e5f\u52d5\u76ea\u4e86\u8a72\u5730\u5340\u3002\u4e0b\u5348\u516d\u6642\u56db\u5341\u4e94\u5206\uff0c7.1\u7d1a\u7684\u9918\u9707\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5277\u5e73\u4e86\u5927\u5929\u6d25\u7684\u7684\u5be7\u6cb3\u93ae\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u6578\u767e\u6b21\u898f\u6a21\u8f03\u5c0f\u7684\u9918\u9707\u3002[5]<\/a> \u9019\u4f7f\u7dca\u6025\u6551\u63f4\u5de5\u4f5c\u8b8a\u5f97\u5371\u96aa\uff0c\u4e26\u589e\u52a0\u4eba\u54e1\u50b7\u4ea1\u548c\u640d\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8b\u4ef6\u80cc\u666f<\/h2>\n

\u6240\u6709\u707d\u5bb3\u4e2d\uff0c\u5730\u9707\u662f\u773e\u6240\u7686\u77e5\u7684\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u6bba\u50b7\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u9810\u8b66\u4e4b\u4e0b\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u4e26\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u5167\uff0c\u5c0d\u5927\u91cf\u4eba\u53e3\u548c\u57fa\u790e\u8a2d\u65bd\u9020\u6210\u56b4\u91cd\u7834\u58de\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5f80\u5f80\u767c\u751f\u5728\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5340\u57df\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u793e\u5340\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u9632\u707d\u7684\u6e96\u5099\u3002\u5149\u662f\u5929\u6d25\u5730\u5340\u57281345 – 1990\u5e74\u4e4b\u9593\u5171\u67091,902\u8d77\u6709\u8a18\u8f09\u7684\u5730\u9707\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d359\u500b\u898f\u6a21\u8f03\u5c0f\uff08M-3-5\uff09\uff0c18\u500b\u70ba\u4e2d\u7b49\u5f37\u5ea6\uff08M 5-7\uff09\u3002[6]<\/a> 1966\u5e74\uff0c\u5f37\u9707\u64bc\u52d5\u4e86\u6cb3\u5317\u7701\u90a2\u53f0\u7e23\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7d048000\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5730\u9707\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u6cb3\u5317\u7701\u9996\u6b21\u7684\u5730\u9707\u6e96\u5099\uff0c\u800c\u5510\u5c71\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6587\u9769\u7684\u7121\u653f\u5e9c\u72c0\u614b\uff081966 – 1976\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u82b1\u4e86\u4e94\u5e74\u7684\u6642\u9593\u624d\u5efa\u7acb\u570b\u52d9\u9662\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u5730\u9707\u5c40\uff0c\u7531\u5b83\u9810\u6e2c\u76e3\u770b\u5730\u9707\u4ee5\u53ca\u6539\u5584\u4e8b\u524d\u6e96\u5099\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u7dca\u6025\u53cd\u61c9\u3002[7]<\/a> 1975\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u907c\u5be7\u767c\u751f7.3\u7d1a\u5730\u9707\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u9996\u90fd\u548c\u5929\u6d25\u767c\u4f48\u540d\u70ba\u300c\u4eac\u6d25\u5730\u5340\u5de5\u696d\u5efa\u7bc9\u548c\u516c\u5171\u5efa\u7bc9\u7684\u6aa2\u67e5\u6a19\u6e96\u300d\u7684\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u9996\u90fd\u548c\u5929\u6d25\u3002\u6839\u64da\u9019\u4e9b\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u5e02\u5c40\u548c\u55ae\u4f4d\u5171\u540c\u8abf\u67e5\u516c\u5171\u3001\u5de5\u696d\u3001\u548c\u4f4f\u5b85\u5efa\u7bc9\u7684\u6297\u9707\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\"Tangshan<\/a><\/p>\n

1975\u5e74\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u5efa\u8a2d\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u6587\u4ef6\u7de8\u865f406\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u4e0b\u4ee4\uff0c\u5f37\u5316\u8a72\u5730\u5340\u4e3b\u8981\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u751f\u7522\u55ae\u4f4d\u8207\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf\u300d\u55ae\u4f4d\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u9ee8\u90e8\u548c\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u7b49\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u662f1976\u5e74\u5730\u9707\u524d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6975\u5c11\u6578\u7684\u4f4f\u5b85\u4ee5\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u52a0\u56fa\u3002[8]<\/a> \u5728\u8a72\u5730\u5340\u7684\u90fd\u6703\u8207\u9109\u93ae\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u623f\u5c4b\u6c92\u6709\u9075\u5faa\u4efb\u4f55\u6297\u9707\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u6a19\u6e96\u800c\u84cb\u597d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba1976\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002[9]<\/a> \u5510\u5c71\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u767c\u751f\u5f37\u9707\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f4d\u5728\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u6c96\u7a4d\u571f\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5510\u5c71\u6210\u70ba\u767c\u751f\u5927\u5730\u9707\u7684\u9ad8\u5371\u96aa\u5730\u5340\u3002\u5728\u5510\u5c71\u53ca\u5176\u5468\u570d\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u623f\u5c4b\u7121\u6cd5\u62b5\u64cb\u5730\u9707\u800c\u5728\u5730\u9707\u4e2d\u986f\u5f97\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u57ce\u5e02\u5c45\u6c11\u548c\u8fb2\u6c11\u90fd\u5bb9\u6613\u8499\u53d7\u5230\u9019\u985e\u7684\u707d\u96e3\u3002[10]<\/a> \u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u6642\u671f\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6578\u707d\u5bb3\uff0c\u5510\u5c71\u5730\u9707\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bb9\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u50b7\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u4f9d\u7167\u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3e\u5225\u4f86\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5730\u8cea\u74b0\u5883\u548c\u5efa\u7bc9\u8a2d\u8a08\u666e\u904d\u4e0d\u826f\u800c\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u6563\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5718\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n

\"Hua<\/a>

1976\u5e74\uff0c\u83ef\u570b\u92d2\u7e3d\u7406\u8207\u5510\u5c71\u6551\u96e3\u4eba\u54e1\u6703\u9762<\/p>

Source: Cartoon photographed by author<\/p><\/div>\n

\u5730\u9707\u9632\u707d\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u7368\u7acb\u5206\u958b\uff0c\u537b\u53c8\u70ba\u7e3d\u9ad4\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u662f\u77ed\u671f\u7684\u9810\u6e2c\u548c\u5831\u544a\u7db2\u7d61\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6bdb\u5728\u707d\u5bb3\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0a\u6700\u672c\u571f\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c[11]<\/a> \u70ba\u4e86\u767c\u5e03\u5730\u9707\u9810\u6e2c\u548c\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u88ab\u8ce6\u4e88\u5730\u9707\u9810\u6e2c\u548c\u9810\u8b66\u8077\u8cac\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5730\u8cea\u8abf\u67e5\u7ad9\u8207\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u8abf\u67e5\u8207\u6c11\u773e\u5831\u544a\u7db2\u7d61\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u8a72\u7db2\u7d61\u6c11\u773e\u7559\u610f\u81ea\u7136\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5b8f\u89c0\u548c\u5fae\u89c0\u7570\u5e38\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4e26\u4f7f\u7528\u7c21\u6613\u88fd\u9020\u7684\u5730\u9707\u8abf\u67e5\u8a2d\u65bd\u3002[12]<\/a> \u96d6\u7136\u4e4b\u5f8c\u64da\u5831\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u90fd\u767c\u73fe\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u9707\u524d\u7684\u8de1\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u7d93\u7531\u9019\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u6e96\u78ba\u9810\u6e2c\u5510\u5c71\u5730\u9707\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8a72\u5730\u5340\u5c0d\u65bc\u707d\u5bb3\u7684\u6e96\u5099\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u640d\u5bb3<\/h2>\n

\u5510\u5c71\u5730\u9707\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u6700\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u5730\u9707\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u5730\u9707\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5831\u544a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6578\u70ba655,000\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u5f8c\u4f86\u6e1b\u5c11\u523024\u842c\u523025.5\u842c\u4eba\u3002\u7d93\u904e\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u53ea\u5305\u62ec\u5e7e\u4e4e\u88ab\u5937\u70ba\u5e73\u5730\u7684\u5510\u5c71\u5e02\u5c45\u6c11\u3002\u5929\u6d25\u5e02\u4e5f\u6709\u5927\u7d0424000\u4eba\u50b7\u4ea1\u3002[13]<\/a> \u81f3\u5c11\u53e6\u670970\u842c\u4eba\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u53d7\u50b7\u3002\u64da\u4f30\u8a08\u7d93\u6fdf\u640d\u5931\u7d04\u70ba100\u5104\u5143\u4eba\u6c11\u5e63\uff0c\u4f46\u55ae\u55ae\u5929\u6d25\u5e02\u5176\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u9593\u63a5\u640d\u5931\u7d04\u70ba75\u5104\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c100\u5104\u9019\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u6216\u8a31\u662f\u4e0d\u6e96\u78ba\u7684\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u57ce\u5e02\u898f\u6a21\u5927\uff0c\u5929\u6d25\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u640d\u5bb3\u7e3d\u503c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u8981\u5927\u65bc\u5510\u5c71\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56de\u61c9<\/h2>\n

\u5730\u9707\u9020\u6210\u521d\u671f\u7684\u6df7\u4e82\u8207\u5931\u63a7\u3002\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u6551\u63f4\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7531\u5016\u5b58\u8005\u81ea\u5df1\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7528\u624b\u548c\u81e8\u6642\u5de5\u5177\u5f9e\u5ee2\u589f\u4e2d\u6316\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3001\u8ca1\u7522\u548c\u98df\u7269\u3002\u5510\u5c71\u7684\u91ab\u7642\u8a2d\u65bd\u5927\u591a\u88ab\u7834\u58de\uff0c\u5929\u6d25\u4e5f\u906d\u53d7\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u640d\u5bb3\u3002\u91ab\u7642\u4eba\u54e1\u7d44\u6210\u81e8\u6642\u8a3a\u6240\uff0c\u63a1\u7528\u57fa\u672c\u91ab\u7642\u8a2d\u5099\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u707d\u5340\u9084\u51fa\u73fe\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u98f2\u7528\u6c34\u548c\u98df\u7269\u77ed\u7f3a\u3002\u4eba\u5011\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5728\u5ee2\u589f\u74e6\u792b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5efa\u9020\u81e8\u6642\u4f4f\u6240\u3002\u6b7b\u8005\u88ab\u57cb\u846c\u5728\u5f88\u6dfa\u7684\u81e8\u6642\u58b3\u5893\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u7531\u65bc\u885b\u751f\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u6253\u958b\u58b3\u5893\u91cd\u65b0\u57cb\u846c\u5c4d\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n

\"Tangshan<\/a>

\u5361\u901a\u300a\u5f80\u707d\u5340\u7684\u8def\u4e0a\u300b\uff0c1976\u5e74<\/p>

Photographed by the author<\/p><\/div>\n

\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0d\u5510\u5c71\u60c5\u6cc1\u4f5c\u51fa\u8fc5\u901f\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u5feb\u901f\u6d3e\u9063\u6551\u63f4\u968a\uff0c\u767c\u9001\u88dd\u5099\u548c\u6551\u52a9\u5230\u8a72\u5340\u3002\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u8ecd\u539f\u672c\u5728\u8a72\u5730\u5340\u9032\u884c\u8ecd\u4e8b\u6f14\u7fd2\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u8f49\u70ba\u6551\u63f4\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7531\u8ecd\u968a\u7528\u98db\u6a5f\u8f09\u904b\u7269\u8cc7\uff0c\u7576\u9053\u8def\u548c\u9435\u8def\u91cd\u65b0\u958b\u653e\u6642\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u4e2d\u570b\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5340\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u7269\u8cc7\u88ab\u904b\u9032\u8a72\u5340\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u81ea\u529b\u66f4\u751f\u7684\u6bdb\u5f0f\u98a8\u683c\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u62d2\u7d55\u5916\u63f4\u3002\u5728\u5929\u6d25\u5e02\uff0c\u7576\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5730\u9707\u5f8c\u80fd\u5920\u8fc5\u901f\u638c\u63a7\uff0c\u4e26\u7c4c\u7d44\u6297\u9707\u6551\u707d\u7e3d\u90e8\u4f86\u6307\u63ee\u6551\u4eba\u548c\u6551\u52a9\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5929\u6d25\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5916\u754c\u63f4\u52a9\u98df\u7269\u3001\u6551\u96e3\u548c\u91ab\u8b77\u4eba\u54e1\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u5f8c\u91cd\u5efa\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5efa\u6750\u3002<\/p>\n

\u91cd\u5efa<\/h2>\n

\u6bdb\u6b64\u6642\u5f37\u8abf\u4eba\u6c11\u5728\u91cd\u5efa\u4e0a\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u91cd\u5efa\u623f\u5c4b\u548c\u5de5\u5ee0\uff0c\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u5c11\u4f9d\u9760\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5510\u5c71\u548c\u5929\u6d25\u6536\u5230\u5927\u7b46\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u88dc\u8cbc\u3002\u5510\u5c71\u8a08\u5283\u5168\u9762\u91cd\u5efa\u3002\u6bdb\u6d3e\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e5f\u512a\u5148\u8003\u616e\u751f\u7522\u8a2d\u65bd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9996\u5148\u88ab\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u662f\u5de5\u5ee0\u3001\u7926\u5c71\u548c\u57fa\u790e\u8a2d\u65bd\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u4f4f\u5b85\u53ea\u80fd\u7b49\u5230\u5f8c\u4f86\u30021981\u5e74\u7684\u5929\u6d25\u548c1982\u5e74\u7684\u5510\u5c71\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u57ce\u5e02\u5c45\u6c11\u4ecd\u7136\u4f4f\u5728\u81e8\u6642\u5c4b\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5169\u500b\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u90fd\u660e\u986f\u5730\u6062\u5fa9\u3002\u90a3\u6642\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u5728\u4f4f\u623f\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\u82b1\u8cbb\u986f\u8457\u7684\u91d1\u984d\u3002\u5929\u6d25\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u5de5\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u76f4\u52301991\u5e74\u624d\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u65b0\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u64da\u8aaa\u662f\u9075\u5faa\u5510\u5c71\u5730\u9707\u5f8c\u767c\u5e03\u7684\u65b0\u6297\u9707\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u5510\u5c71\u56e0\u70ba\u57ce\u5e02\u91cd\u5efa\u5de5\u7a0b\u800c\u8d0f\u5f97\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u52c7\u6562\u4e4b\u57ce\u300d\u7684\u66b1\u7a31\u3002<\/p>\n

\"Tangshan<\/a>

1976\u5e74\uff0c\u6709\u95dc\u5bb6\u5712\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u5361\u901a<\/p>

Source: Cartoon photographed by author<\/p><\/div>\n

\u707d\u96e3\u8207\u653f\u6cbb<\/h2>\n

\u7576\u4e2d\u570b\u6b63\u7d93\u6b77\u5f8c\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u904e\u6e21\u671f\u6642\uff0c\u5730\u9707\u5c31\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u3002\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u6b7b\u65bc9\u67089\u65e5\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5730\u9707\u91cd\u5efa\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u3002\u6436\u6551\u548c\u91cd\u5efa\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u53c3\u52a0\u653f\u6cbb\u591c\u6821\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u7814\u8b80\u9ee8\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4ee5\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4e4b\u540d\u548c\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6240\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u5f14\u5501\u96fb\u5831\u3002\u64da\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u56e0\u70ba\u4e3b\u5e2d\u6240\u8868\u9054\u7684\u95dc\u61f7\u800c\u6d41\u4e0b\u71b1\u6dda\u3002\u4eba\u5011\u4e5f\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\uff0c\u8981\u6279\u8a55\u9127\u5c0f\u5e73\uff0c\u9127\u5728\u521d\u6625\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u62d4\u9664\u9ee8\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u6b0a\u3002\u9ee8\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5ba3\u50b3\u8072\u7a31\u6551\u63f4\u548c\u91cd\u5efa\u904b\u52d5\u662f\u53f3\u6d3e\u9127\u5c0f\u5e73\u8def\u7dda\u548c\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u8def\u7dda\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u7af6\u722d\u89d2\u529b\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u4f9d\u9760\u5916\u63f4\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u662f\u4ef0\u8cf4\u6c11\u773e\u6551\u707d\u91cd\u5efa\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u5ba3\u50b3\u9084\u8a66\u5716\u8aaa\u670d\u5730\u65b9\u55ae\u4f4d\u4e0d\u8981\u8981\u6c42\u653f\u5e9c\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u8b9a\u63da\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u5411\u707d\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u6177\u6168\u6551\u6fdf\u3002\u65b0\u4efb\u7e3d\u7406\u83ef\u570b\u92d2\u8a2a\u8996\u53d7\u707d\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u7576\u6210\u5c0d\u6297\u653f\u6575\u4e26\u978f\u56fa\u4ed6\u5728\u9ee8\u5167\u9818\u5c0e\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u5510\u5c71\u5927\u5730\u9707\u4fc3\u4f7f\u570b\u5bb6\u9996\u6b21\u7814\u64ec\u6297\u9707\u5efa\u7bc9\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b64\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9019\u9805\u6a19\u6e96\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u767c\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005Lauri Paltemaa\uff0c\u662f\u82ac\u862d\u5716\u723e\u5eab\u5927\u5b78\u6771\u4e9e\u653f\u6cbb\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u6771\u4e9e\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u7ffb\u8b6f: \u90b1\u5955\u9f4a <\/b><\/p>\n

\n

\u6ce8\u91cb<\/h4>\n

[1]<\/a> This article is largely based on Lauri Paltemaa: Managing Famine, Flood, and Earthquake: Tianjin, 1958-1985<\/em>. London: Routledge 2016 (forthcoming).<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Contemporary reporting called it the \u2018Tangshan-Fengnan earthquake\u2019 based on the location of the epicenter and damage to these two regions.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Liu, Shaojin: Tianjin Diqu Zhongda Ziran Zaihai Shilu<\/em>. Tianjin: Tianjinshi Danganguan bian, Tianjin Renmin Chubanshe 2004, 342.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Wang Yuezhen: Kangzai jiuzai chongjian jiayuan. Tianjin wenshi ziliao xuanji<\/em> 4\/1996, 1.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Tianjin tongzhi \u2013D<\/em>izhenzhi<\/em>. Tianjin: Tianjin Shehuikexueyuan chubanshe 1995, 58-59.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Tianjin tongzhi \u2013D<\/em>izhenzhi<\/em>. Tianjin: Tianjin Shehuikexueyuan chubanshe 1995, 23.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Tianjin tongzhi \u2013 Minzhengjuzhi<\/em>. Tianjin: Tianjin renmin chubanshe 1995, 264; Chen Gang: China\u2019s Management of Natural Disasters \u2013 Organizations and Norms. In Jae Ho Chung (ed.): China\u2019s Crisis Management<\/em>. London:Routledge 2012 (3rd<\/sup> ed.), 134-136.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Tianjin tongzhi \u2013D<\/em>izhenzhi<\/em>. Tianjin: Tianjin Shehuikexueyuan chubanshe 1995, 273.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Chen, Yong & David C. Booth: The Wenchuan Earthquake of 2008: Anatomy of a Disaster<\/em>. Beijing: Beijing Science Press 2011, 163.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Tianjin tonzhi – Chengxiang jianshe zhi<\/em>. Tianjin shehuikexueyuan chubanshe 1996, 659.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> The system was made famous by its apparent ability to predict a major earthquake in Liaoning in 1975. Its features are outlined by Gordon A. Bennett: Mass Campaigns and Earthquakes: Hai-Ch’eng, 1975. China Quarterly<\/em> No. 77 (1979), 94-112. The problem with the system was that most of its predictions were false and thus useless.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> Tianjin tongzhi \u2013D<\/em>izhenzhi<\/em>. Tianjin: Tianjin Shehuikexueyuan chubanshe 1995, 269<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> For different casualty counts see e.g. http:\/\/global.britannica.com\/event\/Tangshan-earthquake-of-1976<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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