{"id":708,"date":"2018-01-17T10:00:15","date_gmt":"2018-01-17T10:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/?p=708"},"modified":"2018-02-11T16:06:30","modified_gmt":"2018-02-11T16:06:30","slug":"%e5%a4%a7%e8%ba%8d%e9%80%b2%e9%a5%91%e8%8d%92-1958-62-%e9%83%bd%e5%b8%82%e8%a7%80%e9%bb%9e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/zh-TW\/%e5%a4%a7%e8%ba%8d%e9%80%b2%e9%a5%91%e8%8d%92-1958-62-%e9%83%bd%e5%b8%82%e8%a7%80%e9%bb%9e","title":{"rendered":"\u5927\u8e8d\u9032\u9951\u8352, 1958-62 (\u90fd\u5e02\u89c0\u9ede)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/the-great-leap-famine-1958-62-the-urban-perspective\">English<\/a><\/p>\n<p>1949\u5e74\u4e2d\u83ef\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u570b\u5275\u7acb\u5f8c\uff0c\u65b0\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u85c9\u7531\u63a5\u7ba1\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u7684\u707d\u5bb3\u6cbb\u7406\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u628a\u4e2d\u83ef\u7d05\u5341\u5b57\u6703\u7b49\u6148\u5584\u7d44\u7e54\u7d0d\u5165\u570b\u5bb6\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u58df\u65b7\u707d\u5bb3\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<!--more--> \u6240\u6709\u5728\u6e05\u672b\u4ee5\u4f86\u4e00\u76f4\u6d3b\u8e8d\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u5916\u570b\u6148\u5584\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u88ab\u9a45\u9010\u51fa\u5883\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u8feb\u57281958\u5e74\u524d\u505c\u6b62\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]<\/a> 1950\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e2d\u592e\u6551\u707d\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff0c\u8ca0\u8cac\u5354\u8abf\u653f\u5e9c\u6a5f\u95dc\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u707d\u5bb3\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5927\u8e8d\u9032\u98e2\u8352\uff08GLF\uff09\u7684\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u88ab\u5ee2\u9664\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u793e\u6703\u88e1\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002<a href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]<\/a> \u5be6\u969b\u7684\u707d\u5bb3\u7ba1\u7406\u8077\u8cac\u5283\u5206\u7d66\u5e7e\u500b\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u6703\u548c\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u3002\u5167\u653f\u90e8\u7684\u5167\u653f\u5c40\uff08\u5f8c\u6539\u540d\u70ba\u6c11\u653f\u90e8\uff09\u8ca0\u8cac\u76e3\u6e2c\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u98e2\u8352\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u5411\u4e0a\u7d1a\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u98e2\u8352\u6551\u707d\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<a href=\"#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]<\/a> \u5b83\u6709\u7e23\u7d1a\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u662f\u500b\u529b\u91cf\u76f8\u7576\u8584\u5f31\u7684\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u7701\u5206\u53ea\u6709\u5e7e\u5341\u540d\u7701\u7d1a\u54e1\u5de5\u3002\u5728\u5927\u8e8d\u9032\u98e2\u8352\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u5167\u653f\u5c40\u898f\u6a21\u66f4\u5c0f\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5927\u591a\u8655\u7406\u8fb2\u6c11\u9003\u8352\u5230\u57ce\u5e02\u5f8c\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u88e1\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u96e3\u6c11\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-485\" src=\"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/GLF-MAP-58-62-800x596.jpg\" alt=\"GLF MAP, 58-62\" width=\"800\" height=\"596\" srcset=\"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/GLF-MAP-58-62-800x596.jpg 800w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/GLF-MAP-58-62-250x186.jpg 250w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/GLF-MAP-58-62-1024x763.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/GLF-MAP-58-62.jpg 1081w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u7684\u9ee8\u570b\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u707d\u96e3\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5c31\u662f\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u3002\u5728\u707d\u5340\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u9ee8\u59d4\u7e3d\u662f\u5728\u707d\u96e3\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0a\u627f\u64d4\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u7de8\u5236\u9ee8\u9818\u5c0e\u5c0f\u7d44\u548c\u884c\u653f\u7e3d\u90e8\u4f86\u7279\u5b9a\u7ba1\u7406\u81e8\u6642\u5371\u6a5f\u3002\u900f\u904e\u6d3b\u52d5\u7e3d\u90e8\u5c07\u9818\u5c0e\u5c0f\u7d44\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5176\u57f7\u884c\u8077\u8cac\u6307\u5b9a\u7d66\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u6a5f\u95dc\uff0c\u55ae\u4f4d\uff08\u57ce\u5e02\u5de5\u4f5c\u55ae\u4f4d\uff09\uff0c\u8857\u9053\uff0c\u8fb2\u6751\u5230\u7e23\u3001\u93ae\u3002\u6bdb\u5f0f\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u707d\u5bb3\u6cbb\u7406\u4e5f\u9810\u8a08\u4eba\u5011\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53c3\u8207\u5be6\u65bd\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u707d\u5bb3\u7ba1\u7406\u6c7a\u7b56\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u904b\u52d5\uff09<a href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]<\/a> \u4f86\u4fdd\u8b77\u4eba\u53e3\u514d\u53d7\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u6551\u63f4\u548c\u91cd\u5efa\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u660e\u78ba\u5f37\u8abf\u5730\u65b9\u5021\u5c0e\u548c\u6bc5\u529b\uff08\u81ea\u529b\u7cbe\u795e\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5927\u8e8d\u9032\u98e2\u8352\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u7a40\u7269\uff0c\u526f\u98df\uff08\u8089\u985e\uff0c\u9b5a\u985e\uff0c\u852c\u83dc\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u5ba3\u50b3\u548c\u516c\u5b89\u6a5f\u95dc\u5c0d\u65bc\u57ce\u5e02\u98e2\u8352\u7ba1\u7406\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4ee5\u7a2e\u83dc\u548c\u69cb\u601d\u62d9\u52a3\u7684\u990a\u8c6c\u6d3b\u52d5\u7b49\u5f62\u5f0f\u8209\u8fa6\u589e\u52a0\u90fd\u5e02\u98f2\u98df\u7684\u5927\u578b\u7fa4\u773e\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u707d\u5bb3\u6cbb\u7406\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u96e3\u7372\u5f97\u5730\u65b9\u548c\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u9075\u5b88\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u7b56\u5f80\u5f80\u76f4\u63a5\u640d\u5bb3\u793e\u5340\u548c\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u5982\u540c\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u707d\u5bb3\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u98e2\u8352\u6cbb\u7406\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee5\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u5ba3\u50b3\u548c\u7d00\u5f8b\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u5927\u773e\u666e\u904d\u5c0d\u9ee8\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u9075\u5b88\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_285\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"width: 619 px\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-285\" src=\"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Standing-on-Grain-Propaganda-1959-609x800.jpg\" alt=\"Standing on Grain Propaganda 1959\" width=\"609\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Standing-on-Grain-Propaganda-1959-609x800.jpg 609w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Standing-on-Grain-Propaganda-1959-190x250.jpg 190w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Standing-on-Grain-Propaganda-1959-780x1024.jpg 780w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 609px) 100vw, 609px\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">1959\u5e74\u79cb\u5929\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u7ad9\u5728\u201cSputnik\u201d\u7530\u88e1\u672a\u6536\u5272\u7684\u7a40\u7269\u4e0a\u3002<\/p><p class=\"wp-custom-description\">Source: Dangdai Zhongguo Tianjin, Vol 2. (Beijing: Zhongguo shehuikexue chubanshe, 1989), 113.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>\u5927\u90fd\u5e02\u7684\u9951\u8352<\/h2>\n<p>\u95dc\u65bc\u5927\u8e8d\u9032\u98e2\u8352\u7684\u73fe\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u737b\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u98e2\u8352\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8fb2\u6751\u3002<a href=\"#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]<\/a> \u9019\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u5169\u500b\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u914d\u7ce7\u98df\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u526f\u98df\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u7701\u7d1a\u653f\u5e9c\u512a\u5148\u8003\u616e\u90fd\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5927\u90fd\u6703\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9ede\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u672c\u8eab\u63a1\u53d6\u5404\u7a2e\u707d\u5bb3\u7ba1\u7406\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u914d\u98df\u7269\u6642\u512a\u5148\u8003\u616e\u90fd\u5e02\u5c45\u7559\u5361\u7684\u6301\u6709\u8005\uff08\u6236\u53e3\uff09\u30021955\u5e74\uff0c\u7a40\u7269\u63a1\u8cfc\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u6210\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u58df\u65b7\u4e8b\u696d\uff0c\u800c\u526f\u98df\u63a1\u8cfc\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u65e9\u5728\u5927\u8e8d\u9032\u98e2\u8352\u521d\u671f\u5c31\u88ab\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u58df\u65b7\u2014\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u986f\u8457\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u901a\u5e38\u7121\u6cd5\u5f9e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u90ca\u5340\u63a1\u8cfc\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\u6216\u526f\u98df\u4f86\u990a\u6d3b\u57ce\u5e02\u5c45\u6c11\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8ca0\u8cac\u570b\u5bb6\u7ce7\u5009\u548c\u7ce7\u98df\u5206\u914d\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u7576\u5c40\uff0c\u5f9e\u8a72\u7701\u4efd\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5340\u6216\u570b\u5167\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u7a40\u7269\u7d66\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u4f8b\u5982\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u548c\u5929\u6d25\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u53d7\u4e2d\u592e\u7ce7\u98df\u5206\u914d\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u57ce\u93ae\u5c45\u6c11\u6bd4\u8fb2\u6751\u5c45\u6c11\u66f4\u6709\u7ce7\u98df\u7279\u6b0a\uff0c\u8fb2\u6c11\u4e3b\u8981\u8ca0\u8cac\u5148\u9935\u98fd\u90fd\u5e02\u5c45\u6c11\u5f8c\u518d\u990a\u6d3b\u81ea\u5df1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57ce\u5e02\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\u914d\u7d66(\u5b9a\u7ce7)\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8077\u696d\u985e\u578b\u3001\u5e74\u9f61\u4ee5\u53ca\u662f\u55ae\u4f4d\u6216\u662f\u8857\u6c11\u3002\u5e73\u5747\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5b9a\u7ce7\u6bcf\u6708\u7d04\u70ba30\u65a4\uff0815\u516c\u65a4\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f9e\u4e8b\u5403\u91cd\u7684\u52de\u529b\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u53ef\u4e0a\u905466\u65a4\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u968e\u7684\u5e79\u90e8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7368\u5bb6\u53d6\u5f97\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4f9b\u61c9\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u53ea\u8fce\u5408\u5e79\u90e8\u7684\u5546\u5e97\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u98df\u7269\u914d\u7f6e\u5728\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u3002\u52301959\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u5927\u8e8d\u9032\u9996\u5148\u9020\u6210\u5bc4\u9001\u5230\u5927\u90fd\u5e02\u7684\u7a40\u7269\u548c\u526f\u98df\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u7d66\u4e88\u88fd\u9435\u904b\u52d5\u53c3\u52a0\u8005\u984d\u5916\u7684\u914d\u7d66\uff0c\u800c\u8017\u76e1\u57ce\u5e02\u7ce7\u98df\u5132\u5099\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\uff0c\u7ce7\u98df\u904b\u8f38\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u5927\u8e8d\u9032\u9020\u6210\u7684\u9435\u8def\u6df7\u4e82\u3002\u61c9\u5c0d\u6b64\u4e00\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u958b\u59cb\u524a\u6e1b\u6236\u53e3\u7ce7\uff0c\u767c\u52d5\u7701\u98df\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5ba3\u50b3\u3001\u540c\u5115\u58d3\u529b\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u641c\u67e5\u548c\u6c92\u6536\u624b\u6bb5\u4f86\u9f13\u52f5\u5c45\u6c11\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f37\u8feb\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0a\u7e73\u79c1\u6709\u5b58\u7ce7\u7d66\u570b\u5bb6\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u9650\u5236\u98df\u54c1\u6d41\u51fa\uff0c\u5c0d\u4eba\u5011\u5728\u96e2\u958b\u57ce\u5e02\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u651c\u5e36\u7684\u98df\u54c1\u56b4\u683c\u8a2d\u9650\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u7981\u6b62\u90f5\u5bc4\u98df\u54c1\u3002\u90fd\u5e02\u7576\u5c40\u9084\u52d5\u54e1\u300c\u6aa2\u67e5\u548c\u6838\u67e5\u300d\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u6aa2\u67e5\u57ce\u5e02\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u6236\u53e3\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8a55\u4f30\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u98df\u7269\u53e3\u7ce7\uff0c\u4e0d\u5916\u6f0f\u5230\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u4eba\u54e1\u6216\u57ce\u5e02\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_287\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"width: 571 px\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-287\" src=\"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Tianjin-City-Rice-Tickets-1960-561x800.jpg\" alt=\"Tianjin City Rice Tickets 1960\" width=\"561\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Tianjin-City-Rice-Tickets-1960-561x800.jpg 561w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Tianjin-City-Rice-Tickets-1960-175x250.jpg 175w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Tianjin-City-Rice-Tickets-1960-718x1024.jpg 718w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 561px) 100vw, 561px\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">1960\u5e74\u7684\u5929\u6d25\u5e02\u7c73\u7968\u3002<\/p><p class=\"wp-custom-description\">Source: the author<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u57281959\u5e74\u590f\u5929\uff0c\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u767c\u8d77\u5728\u90ca\u5340\u589e\u52a0\u852c\u83dc\u751f\u7522\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u4ee5\u5f4c\u88dc\u7ce7\u98df\u77ed\u7f3a<a href=\"#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]<\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u6b21\u904b\u52d5\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u512a\u5148\u8003\u616e\uff0c\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u8cab\u5fb9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba1959\u5e748\u6708\u7684\u8606\u5c71\u6703\u8b70\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u8a08\u756b\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u5834\u6240\uff0c\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u57f7\u884c\u91cd\u65b0\u555f\u52d5\u5927\u8e8d\u9032\u7684\u751f\u7522\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u9075\u5b88\u4e2d\u592e\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5728\u8fb2\u6751\u7ba1\u7406\u5feb\u9583\u6536\u5272\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u70ba\u5feb\u901f\u800c\u5fb9\u5e95\u5730\u4f7f\u7a40\u7269\u96e2\u958b\u8fb2\u6c11\u3002 \u57ce\u5e02\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u300c\u589e\u52a0\u300d\u7ce7\u98df\u914d\u7d66\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u53e3\u7ce7\u4e0a\u52a0\u6c34\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u4f7f\u7528\u66ff\u4ee3\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u5f9e\u852c\u83dc\u76ae\uff0c\u5230\u5f8c\u4f86\u5c3f\u6db2\u4e2d\u751f\u9577\u7684\u85fb\u985e\u90fd\u6709\u3002<a href=\"#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u57281959\u5e74\uff0c\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u958b\u59cb\u63a5\u53d7\u4f86\u81ea\u8fb2\u6751\u7684\u98e2\u8352\u96e3\u6c11\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u5011\u5f9e\u672a\u88ab\u5b98\u65b9\u8a8d\u53ef\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u70ba\u96e3\u6c11\u7c4c\u8fa6\u5927\u578b\u63a5\u5f85\u6703\u548c\u6cbb\u7642\uff08\u6536\u5bb9\uff09\u71df\u5730\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u8e8d\u9032\u98e2\u8352\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u5929\u6d25\u5e02\u57ce\u5e02\u6536\u5bb9\u7cfb\u7d71\u8655\u740660\u842c\u4f8b\u300c\u76f2\u76ee\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u300d\uff08\u76f2\u6d41\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5c0d\u9951\u8352\u96e3\u6c11\u59d4\u5a49\u7684\u7a31\u547c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6578\u5343\u540d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u96e3\u6c11\uff0c\u6f2b\u904a\u57ce\u5e02\u8857\u9053\uff0c\u4e5e\u8a0e\u98df\u7269\u6216\u627e\u5de5\u4f5c\u30021960\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u96e3\u6c11\u53d7\u96c7\u5f9e\u4e8b\u8207\u5927\u8e8d\u9032\u98e2\u8352\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f461960\u5e748\u6708\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6a19\u6e96\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u500b\u96e3\u6c11\u5230\u9054\u6536\u5bb9\u71df\u7684\u4e00\u5929\u5167\uff0c\u8655\u7406\u5b8c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e26\u5118\u5feb\u9063\u8fd4\u4ed6\u5011\u3002<a href=\"#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u63f4\u52a9\u9109\u6751<\/h2>\n<p>1959\u5e74\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u5728\u90ca\u5340\u7c4c\u8fa6\u96f6\u661f\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u9632\u7bc4\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u4e2d\u6bd2\u548c\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u6c34\u816b\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u3002<a href=\"#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]<\/a> \u9020\u6210\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u4e2d\u6bd2\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u8fb2\u6c11\u5403\u4e0b\u4e0d\u53ef\u98df\u7528\u6216\u6709\u6bd2\u91ce\u83dc\uff0c\u4ee5\u91ce\u83dc\u505a\u70ba\u7a40\u7269\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u662f1959\u5e74\u6625\u5b63\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5b98\u65b9\u63a8\u884c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6551\u707d\u904b\u52d5\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u77ed\u547d\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ea\u91dd\u5c0d\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u53d7\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7528\u81e8\u6642\u8a3a\u6240\u7684\u9eb5\u689d\u3001\u7cd6\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u98df\u7269\u300c\u6cbb\u7642\u300d\u3002\u6295\u5165\u9019\u4e9b\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u6642\u9593\u548c\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9060\u4f4e\u65bc\u5be6\u969b\u9700\u8981\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u8fb2\u6751\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\u4ed6\u5011\u751f\u7522\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\uff0c\u8981\u512a\u5148\u4f9b\u61c9\u7d66\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u800c\u7ce7\u98df\u63a1\u8cfc\u91cf\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301\u6975\u9ad8\uff0c\u76f4\u52301961\u5e748\u6708\u3002<\/p>\n<p><object width=\"420\" height=\"315\" classid=\"clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http:\/\/download.macromedia.com\/pub\/shockwave\/cabs\/flash\/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\"><param name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\" \/><param name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\" \/><param name=\"src\" value=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/v\/HnKTN0z4GCU\" \/><param name=\"allowfullscreen\" value=\"true\" \/><embed width=\"420\" height=\"315\" type=\"application\/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/v\/HnKTN0z4GCU\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" allowscriptaccess=\"always\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" \/><\/object><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u300c\u6a5f\u68b0\u5316\u7684\u4e2d\u5f0f\u665a\u9910\u300d\uff1a1961\u5e74\u7684\u65b0\u805e\u7a3f\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u98e2\u8352\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u5404\u5730\u6301\u7e8c\u8457\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Source: British Path\u00e9\/Path\u00e9 Gazette<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\u914d\u7d66\uff0c\u6bd4\u5927\u98e2\u8352\u7684\u8fb2\u6c11\u53e3\u7ce7\u8981\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u7ce7\u98df\u751f\u7522\u4e0d\u65b7\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c1960\u5e74\u590f\u5b63\uff0c\u9ee8\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5411\u751f\u7522\u7ce7\u98df\u7684\u7701\u4efd\u767c\u51fa\u7279\u5225\u8a02\u55ae\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5c07\u300c\u5269\u9918\u7ce7\u98df\u300d\u904b\u5f80\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u6d3e\u51fa\u5e79\u90e8\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u9019\u4e9b\u4f86\u81ea\u98e2\u8352\u5730\u5340\u7684\u7a40\u7269\u8ca8\u904b\u30021960\u5e74\u79cb\u5b63\u79cb\u6536\u671f\uff0c\u7576\u4e2d\u592e\u7ce7\u98df\u5132\u5099\u6c92\u6709\u589e\u52a0\u6642\uff0c\u5404\u7701\u986f\u7136\u4e0d\u518d\u80fd\u5920\u70ba\u57ce\u5e02\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\u3002\u9019\u4f3c\u4e4e\u89f8\u767c\u4e2d\u592e\u61c9\u6025\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4f86\u7ba1\u7406\u57ce\u9109\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u98e2\u8352\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u594f\u6548\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c7\u6708\u548c9\u6708\u4efd\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u7ce7\u98df\u914d\u7d66\u88ab\u524a\u6e1b\uff0c\u9ee8\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0b\u4ee4\u5f37\u5316\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u852c\u83dc\u548c\u66ff\u4ee3\u98df\u54c1\u7684\u751f\u7522\u3002<a href=\"#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]<\/a> \u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u6578\u767e\u842c\u57ce\u5e02\u5c45\u6c11\u88ab\u9078\u6d3e\u5230\u852c\u83dc\u7a2e\u690d\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u5f9e\u90ca\u5340\u7684\u751f\u7522\u968a\u90a3\u88e1\uff0c\u7372\u5f97\u751f\u7522\u968a\u81ea\u5df1\u7121\u6cd5\u8015\u7a2e\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7a2e\u5b50\u3001\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7522\u76ee\u6a19\u9084\u672a\u524a\u6e1b\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u55ae\u4f4d\u5176\u7a4d\u6975\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u9805\u6d3b\u52d5\u8b8a\u5f97\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u800c\u5c0e\u81f41960\u5e74\u852c\u83dc\u751f\u7522\u53ea\u6709\u5fae\u5e45\u589e\u9577\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5927\u90fd\u5e02\u7684\u6c34\u816b\u554f\u984c<\/h2>\n<p>1960\u5e74\u79cb\u5b63\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u73fe\u6d41\u884c\u6027\u6c34\u816b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5929\u6d25\uff0c\u5b98\u65b9\u7d71\u8a08\u5927\u7d04\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u88ab\u8a3a\u65b7\u60a3\u6709\u6c34\u816b\uff0c\u4f46\u5f80\u5f80\u7531\u5730\u65b9\u9ee8\u66f8\u8a18\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u91ab\u751f\u4f86\u505a\u8a3a\u65b7\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u91ab\u751f\u505a\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u6642\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u3002\u5730\u65b9\u7576\u5c40\u9075\u5faa\u4e2d\u592e\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u65bc1960\u5e7411\u6708\u81f312\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u57ce\u9109\u5730\u5340\u767c\u8d77\u5927\u578b\u885b\u751f\u904b\u52d5\u3002\u8a72\u9805\u904b\u52d5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5728\u6240\u6709\u57ce\u5e02\u5de5\u4f5c\u55ae\u4f4d\u8a2d\u7acb\u6c34\u816b\u60a3\u8005\u8a3a\u6240\u3002\u8b93\u60a3\u8005\u4f11\u606f\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u98df\u7269\u914d\u7d66\u2014\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u98df\u7269\u7684\u8a71\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u9084\u5be6\u65bd\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5141\u8a31\u4eba\u5011\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u65e5\u4f11\u606f\uff0c\u4f86\u6e1b\u5c11\u71b1\u91cf\u7684\u6d88\u8017\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u5e7e\u4e4e\u505c\u6b62\u63a5\u5f85\u4efb\u4f55\u904a\u5ba2\uff0c\u800c\u8fb2\u6751\u96e3\u6c11\u5728\u88ab\u6355\u5f8c\u7acb\u5373\u88ab\u9001\u56de\u5bb6\u9109\u30021960\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u9ee8\u4e2d\u592e\u9084\u4e0b\u4ee4\u7e2e\u7de8\u90fd\u5e02\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u5c07\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u56de\u6b78\u8fb2\u696d\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u9019\u9805\u5de5\u4f5c\u7d50\u5408\u852c\u83dc\u7a2e\u690d\u6d3b\u52d5\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u90fd\u5e02\u7576\u5c40\u9032\u884c\u3002<a href=\"#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_291\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"width: 810 px\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-291\" src=\"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Grain-propaganda-Tianjin-Ribao-1960-800x396.jpg\" alt=\"Grain propaganda Tianjin Ribao 1960\" width=\"800\" height=\"396\" srcset=\"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Grain-propaganda-Tianjin-Ribao-1960-800x396.jpg 800w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Grain-propaganda-Tianjin-Ribao-1960-250x124.jpg 250w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Grain-propaganda-Tianjin-Ribao-1960-1024x506.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5118\u7ba1\u4e2d\u570b\u5404\u5730\u8655\u65bc\u98e2\u8352\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u5929\u6d25\u5e02\u65e5\u5831\u7684\u6f2b\u756b\uff0c\u63cf\u7e6a\u6cbb\u6c34\u5de5\u7a0b\u4ee5\u53ca1960\u5e74\u7684\u8c50\u6536\u3002<\/p><p class=\"wp-custom-description\">Source: Tianjin ribao, November 24, 1960.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>\u7d42\u7d50\u9951\u8352<\/h2>\n<p>\u53ea\u6709\u7576\u4e2d\u592e\u5141\u8a31\u5f9e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u548c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9e\u9032\u53e3\u5916\u570b\u7ce7\u98df\u6642\uff0c\u90fd\u5e02\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u624d\u597d\u8f49\u30021961\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u8ca8\u7269\u62b5\u9054\u5929\u6d25\u5766\u53e4\u6e2f\u3002\u5927\u7d0480\uff05\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\u9001\u53bb\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\u88ab\u7576\u6210\u662f\u6551\u707d\u7269\u8cc7\u9001\u53bb\u8fb2\u6751\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u5206\u5230\u7ce7\u98df\uff0c\u5404\u500b\u57ce\u5e02\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7528\u904a\u8aaa\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u7531\u7e3d\u7406\u5468\u6069\u4f86\u548c\u8ca1\u653f\u90e8\u9577\u674e\u5ff5\u5e74\u4f86\u505a\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u5169\u4eba\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u6536\u5230\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u7ce7\u98df\u60c5\u6cc1\u7684\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u800c\u5404\u500b\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u70ba\u589e\u52a0\u7ce7\u98df\u5206\u914d\u800c\u7a4d\u6975\u904a\u8aaa\u30021961\u5e74\u6625\u5b63\uff0c\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\u914d\u7d66\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6c34\u816b\u60c5\u6cc1\u7de9\u89e3\uff0c\u5118\u7ba11961\u5e74\u5168\u5e74\u4ecd\u7136\u767c\u751f\u75c5\u4f8b\u30021961\u5e74\uff0c\u852c\u83dc\u7a2e\u690d\u6d3b\u52d5\u7e7c\u7e8c\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u7a2e\u690d\u9762\u7a4d\u548c\u751f\u7522\u6578\u5b57\u5927\u5e45\u4e0a\u6f32\u3002\u7a2e\u690d\u81ea\u7528\u7684\u852c\u83dc\u751a\u81f3\u7ce7\u98df\u6210\u70ba\u57ce\u5e02\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u5b9a\u671f\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u52301961\u5e74\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\u72c0\u6cc1\u5df2\u7a69\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u4f46\u9951\u8352\u5f8c\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9032\u53e3\u5916\u7ce7\u3001\u852c\u83dc\u7a2e\u690d\u904b\u52d5\u548c\u7e2e\u6e1b\u57ce\u5e02\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u57281961\u5e74\u5e74\u5e95\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4f9d\u820a\u6301\u7e8c\u5f88\u4e45\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u7a40\u7269\u548c\u7ce7\u98df\u5206\u914d\u5145\u65a5\u8457\u6f0f\u6d1e\u548c\u554f\u984c\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u55ae\u4f4d\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u8207\u90ca\u5340\u751f\u7522\u968a\u5efa\u7acb\u76f4\u63a5\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u7e5e\u904e\u5b98\u65b9\u63a1\u8cfc\u58df\u65b7\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u751f\u7522\u8005\u63a1\u8cfc\u3002\u98e2\u8352\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u90fd\u5e02\u88e1\u7684\u9ed1\u5e02\u5feb\u901f\u6210\u9577\u3002\u5e79\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u5f8c\u9580\u300d\u4f86\u5229\u7528\u7279\u6b8a\u4f9b\u61c9\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u98df\u7269\u800c\u76dc\u7aca\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6bba\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u53f8\u7a7a\u898b\u6163\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u767c\u751f\u98df\u7269\u66b4\u52d5\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u55ae\u4f4d\u507d\u9020\u5176\u54e1\u5de5\u4eba\u6578\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c6c\u6027\uff0c\u5c07\u8f15\u9b06\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4efb\u52d9\u901a\u5831\u70ba\u5403\u91cd\u7684\u52de\u529b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u54e1\u5de5\u7372\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u914d\u7d66\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7372\u5f97\u914d\u7d66\uff0c\u5bb6\u5c6c\u4e0d\u6703\u5411\u5e02\u5e9c\u7576\u5c40\u901a\u5831\u6b7b\u53bb\u7684\u89aa\u4eba\u3002\u507d\u9020\u7ce7\u7968\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u5f88\u666e\u904d\u3002\u5e02\u5e9c\u7576\u5c40\u8a66\u5716\u900f\u904e\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\u61f2\u6212\u884c\u52d5\u4f86\u6291\u5236\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u516c\u7136\u8655\u6c7a\u5927\u7f6a\u72af\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u6210\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_292\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"width: 575 px\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-292\" src=\"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Bumper-harvest-propaganda-1960-in-Tianjin-Ribao1-565x800.jpg\" alt=\"Bumper harvest propaganda 1960 in Tianjin Ribao\" width=\"565\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Bumper-harvest-propaganda-1960-in-Tianjin-Ribao1-565x800.jpg 565w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Bumper-harvest-propaganda-1960-in-Tianjin-Ribao1-177x250.jpg 177w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Bumper-harvest-propaganda-1960-in-Tianjin-Ribao1-723x1024.jpg 723w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 565px) 100vw, 565px\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u4f86\u81ea\u5929\u6d25\u5e02\u65e5\u5831\u7684\u6f2b\u756b\uff0c\u63cf\u7e6a1960\u5e74\u7684\u8c50\u6536\u3002<\/p><p class=\"wp-custom-description\">Source: Tianjin ribao, October 4, 1960.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387<\/h2>\n<p>\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6578\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u660e\u986f\u4f4e\u65bc\u8fb2\u6751\u3002\u6839\u64da\u5b98\u65b9\u4eba\u53e3\u7d71\u8a08\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5929\u6d25\u5e02\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u6bd4\u767c\u751f\u5927\u9951\u8352\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4e09\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u591a1.21\u2030\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u57ce\u5e02\u6236\u7c4d\u4eba\u53e3\u57281959 &#8211; 1961\u5e74\u9593\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6578\u591a\u51fa4000\u591a\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u7d71\u8a08\u6578\u5b57\u7684\u6e96\u78ba\u6027\u53d7\u5230\u8cea\u7591\u3002\u6700\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u5e02\u6c11\uff0c\u662f\u5e74\u9577\u7368\u5c45\u7684\u8857\u982d\u904a\u6c11\u3001\u75c5\u4eba\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u88ab\u9010\u51fa\u6bdb\u6d3e\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u6a19\u793a\u4e0d\u826f\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6700\u53d7\u5230\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u4ef0\u8cf4\u7279\u6b8a\u4f9b\u61c9\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u9ee8\u54e1\u5e79\u90e8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8b66\u5bdf\u3001\u5ba3\u50b3\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u914d\u7d66\u4e5f\u6709\u7279\u5225\u88dc\u8cbc\uff0c\u5728\u5728\u986f\u793a\u5371\u6a5f\u671f\u9593\u9ee8\u570b\u7684\u512a\u5148\u9806\u5e8f\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5834\u6240\uff0c\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u62b5\u6297\u9951\u8352\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u4fdd\u6301\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\u4f9b\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><b>Lauri Paltemaa\u662f\u82ac\u862d\u5716\u723e\u5eab\u5927\u5b78\u6771\u4e9e\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u4ee5\u53ca\u6771\u4e9e\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002<\/b><br \/>\n<b>\u7ffb\u8b6f: \u90b1\u5955\u9f4a <\/b><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>\u6ce8\u91cb<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Zhou Qiuguang 2006<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> Gang Chen 2012, 134<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> Meng 2003, 890-891<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> Campaigns as the distinct method in Maoist governance are explained by Bennett 1976.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[5]<\/a> Major English language studies on the GLF famine include Dik\u00f6tter 2010; Becker 1996; Yang Jisheng 2012; Dali L. Yang 1996; Kimberley Ens Manning and Felix Wemheuer 2011; and Thaxton 2008.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[6]<\/a> \u2018<em>Zhong-Gong zhongyang guanyu zai da-zhong chengshi fazhan fushipin shengchande zhishi (1)<\/em>\u2019 [The Party Centre of the Chinese Communist Party Instructions on Developing Supplementary Food Production in Big and Middle-sized Cities&#8217; Suburban Districts (1)], in <em>Jianguo yilai zhongyao wenxian xuanbian <\/em>vol. 11 [The Anthology of Important Documents since the Founding of the PRC] (4 July 1959). The Database of the CPC, [accessed 3 October 2013], URL: http:\/\/58.68.145.22\/directLogin.do?target=cpc.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[7]<\/a> Gao Hua (2011)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[8]<\/a> The above section draws on Paltemaa (2015, chapter 1).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> See also Yang Jisheng 2012, 216-219 on such campaigns.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> \u2018<em>Zhong-Gong zhongyang guanyu yadi nongcun he chengshide kouliang biaozhunde zhishi<\/em>\u2019 [The Party Centre of the Chinese Communist Party Instructions on Cutting Back Grain Rations in the Countryside and Cities], in <em>Jianguo yilai zhongyao wenxian xuanbian <\/em>vol. 13 (7 September 1960), The Database of the CPC, [accessed 3 October 2013], URL: <a href=\"http:\/\/58.68.145.22\/directLogin.do?target=cpc\">http:\/\/58.68.145.22\/directLogin.do?target=cpc<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> See Brown 2011 for more on this.<\/p>\n<h2>\u66f8\u76ee<\/h2>\n<p>Becker, Jasper (1996). <em>Hungry Ghosts \u2013 China\u2019s Secret Famine<\/em>. London: John Murray<\/p>\n<p>Bennett, Gordon A. (1976). <em>Yundong: Mass Campaigns in Chinese Communist Leadership<\/em>. Berkeley: Center for Chinese Studies, China Research Monographs, University of California<\/p>\n<p>Bramall, Chris (2011). Agency and Famine in China\u2019s Sichuan Province, 1958\u20121962. <em>The China Quarterly<\/em> 208, 990\u20121008<\/p>\n<p>Brown, Jeremy, (2011). Great Leap City: Surviving the Famine in Tianjin. in Kimberley Ens Manning and Felix Wemheuer (eds.), <em>Eating Bitterness \u2013 New Perspectives on China\u2019s Great Leap Forward and Famine.<\/em> Vancouver: UBCPress, 226-250<\/p>\n<p>Chen, Gang (2012). China\u2019s Management of Natural Disasters \u2013 Organizations and Norms, in Jae Ho Chung (ed.): <em>China\u2019s Crisis Management<\/em>. London:Routledge 2012 (3<sup>rd<\/sup> ed.), 130-148.<\/p>\n<p>Chen, Yixin (2011). Under the Same Maoist Sky: Accounting for Death Rate Discrepancies in Anhui and Jiangxi, in Kimberley Ens Manning and Felix Wemheuer (eds.), <em>Eating Bitterness \u2013 New Perspectives on China\u2019s Great Leap Forward and Famine. <\/em>Vancouver: UBCPress, 2011, 197-225<\/p>\n<p>Dik\u00f6tter, Frank (2010). <em>Mao\u2019s Great Famine \u2013 The History of China\u2019s Most Devastating Catastrophe, 1958-62<\/em>. London: Bloomsbyry<\/p>\n<p>Gao, Hua (2011). Food Augmentation Methods and Food Substitutes during the Great Famine. In Kimberley Ens Manning and Felix Wemheuer (eds.), <em>Eating Bitterness \u2013 New Perspectives on China\u2019s Great Leap Forward and Famine<\/em>. Vancouver: UBCPress, 2011, 171-195<\/p>\n<p>Meng, Zhaohua (2003), <em>Zhongguo zainan shiji <\/em>(A History of Disasters in China). Beijing: Zhongguo shehui chubanshe, 2 . edition<\/p>\n<p>Paltemaa, Lauri (2015). <em>Managing Famine, Flood, and Earthquake in China<\/em>: Tianjin 1958-1985. London: Routledge 2016 (forthcoming)<\/p>\n<p>Thaxton, Ralph A. Jr. (2008). <em>Catastrophe and Contention in Rural China \u2013 Mao\u2019s Great Leap Forward and the Origins of Righteous Resistance in Da Fo Village<\/em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press<\/p>\n<p>Yang, Dali L. (1996). <em>Calamity and Reform in China \u2013 State, Rural Society, and Institutional Change since the Great Leap Famine<\/em>. Stanford: Stanford University Press.<\/p>\n<p>Yang, Jisheng (2012). <em>Tombstone \u2013 The Untold Story of Mao\u2019s Great Famine<\/em>. London: Allen Lane<\/p>\n<p>Zhou, Qiuguang (2006). <em>Zhongguo cishan jianshi<\/em> (A Concise History of Chinese Philanthropy). Beijing: Renmin chubanshe<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>English 1949\u5e74\u4e2d\u83ef\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u570b\u5275\u7acb\u5f8c\uff0c\u65b0\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u85c9\u7531\u63a5\u7ba1\u4e2d\u83ef [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":285,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_locale":"zh_TW","_original_post":"706"},"categories":[5],"tags":[24],"coauthors":[38],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/708"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=708"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/708\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":790,"href":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/708\/revisions\/790"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/285"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=708"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=708"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=708"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=708"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}