{"id":671,"date":"2018-01-12T02:32:59","date_gmt":"2018-01-12T02:32:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/?p=671"},"modified":"2018-02-11T16:14:55","modified_gmt":"2018-02-11T16:14:55","slug":"%e9%bb%83%e6%b2%b3%e5%a4%a7%e6%b4%aa%e7%81%bd%ef%bc%8c1938-1947","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/zh-TW\/%e9%bb%83%e6%b2%b3%e5%a4%a7%e6%b4%aa%e7%81%bd%ef%bc%8c1938-1947","title":{"rendered":"\u9ec3\u6cb3\u5927\u6d2a\u707d\uff0c1938-47"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/yellow-river-flood-1938-47\">English\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/zh-CN\/\u9ec3\u6cb3\u5927\u6d2a\u707d\uff0c1938-1947\">\u7b80\u4f53<\/a><\/p>\n<p>1938\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u8523\u4ecb\u77f3\u6307\u63ee\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u8ecd\u968a\uff0c\u7a81\u64ca\u5728\u6cb3\u5357\u7701\u82b1\u5712\u53e3\u7684\u9ec3\u6cb3\u5824\u9632\uff0c\u6025\u5207\u8a66\u5716\u963b\u6b62\u65e5\u672c\u8ecd\u4e8b\u9032\u653b\u3002<a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]<\/a> \u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u4e5d\u5e74\uff0c\u9ec3\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df\u900f\u904e\u5b83\u7684\u652f\u6d41\u5411\u6771\u5357\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u6dee\u6cb3\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u6df9\u6c92\u6cb3\u5357\uff0c\u5b89\u5fbd\uff0c\u6c5f\u8607\u7b49\u7701\u7684\u5927\u7247\u571f\u5730\u3002\u6230\u7565\u5c01\u9396\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u7834\u58de\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u8ecd\u4e8b\u884c\u52d5<!--more-->\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u5f97\u78ba\u7acb\u5df2\u4e45\u7684\u6c34\u5229\u57fa\u790e\u8a2d\u65bd\u9677\u5165\u6df7\u4e82\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6d2a\u6c34\u6301\u7e8c\uff0c\u76f4\u52301947\u5e74\uff0c\u9ec3\u6cb3\u624d\u56de\u6b78\u5230\u5b83\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u6cb3\u9053\u30021938\u5e74\u81f31947\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u9019\u5834\u707d\u96e3\u5728\u6cb3\u5357\uff0c\u5b89\u5fbd\uff0c\u6c5f\u8607\u9020\u621080\u591a\u842c\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u5c07\u8fd1\u56db\u767e\u842c\u4eba\u6d41\u96e2\u5931\u6240\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0<\/h2>\n<p>1937\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u8ecd\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u8ecd\u5728\u76e7\u6e9d\u6a4b\u767c\u751f\u885d\u7a81\u5f8c\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u8ecd\u65b9\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u5340\u9032\u884c\u5168\u9762\u653b\u52e2\uff0c\u57281937\u5e7412\u6708\u596a\u53d6\u4e2d\u570b\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u7684\u9996\u90fd\u5357\u4eac\uff0c\u5c0d\u5e73\u6c11\u9032\u884c\u91ce\u883b\u66b4\u884c\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u628a\u76ee\u5149\u653e\u5728\u6b66\u6f22\u2014\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u653f\u6b0a\u91cd\u6574\u4e4b\u8655\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1938\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u65e5\u8ecd\u5206\u5225\u5f9e\u5929\u6d25\u7684\u6d25\u6d66\u9435\u8def\u5317\u7aef\u548c\u9760\u8fd1\u5357\u4eac\u7684\u7d42\u9ede\u7ad9\u767c\u52d5\u8972\u64ca\u3002\u5728\u5f90\u5dde\u7684\u9435\u8def\u4ea4\u6703\u8655\u6703\u5408\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u65e5\u8ecd\u8a08\u5283\u5411\u897f\u79fb\u52d5\u81f3\u6cb3\u5357\u912d\u5dde\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6771\u897f\u5411\u7684\u96b4\u6d77\u9435\u8def\u548c\u5357\u5317\u5411\u7684\u5e73\u6f22\u9435\u8def\u4ea4\u6703\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u6cbf\u8457\u5e73\u6f22\u9435\u8def\u5411\u5357\u633a\u9032\uff0c\u524d\u5f80\u6b66\u6f22\u3002\u65e5\u8ecd\u9810\u671f\u4e0d\u6703\u53d7\u963b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u51fa\u4e4e\u4ed6\u5011\u610f\u6599\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u8ecd\u968a\u6301\u7e8c\u62b5\u6297\u8fd1\u4e94\u500b\u6708\u3002\u4e94\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u62ff\u4e0b\u5f90\u5dde\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u4f7f\u6230\u722d\u6709\u4e86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u7d50\u5c40\uff0c\u65e5\u8ecd\u6cbf\u8457\u96b4\u6d77\u9435\u8def\u5411\u897f\u653b\u64ca\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u6cbf\u8457\u5e73\u6f22\u9435\u8def\u5411\u5357\u903c\u8feb\u4e26\u653b\u64ca\u6b66\u6f22\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_527\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"width: 810 px\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-527\" src=\"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Screenshot-4-800x556.png\" alt=\"Map of Yellow River course 1938 to 1947 China\" width=\"800\" height=\"556\" srcset=\"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Screenshot-4-800x556.png 800w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Screenshot-4-250x174.png 250w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Screenshot-4-1024x712.png 1024w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Screenshot-4.png 1049w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u9ec3\u6cb3\u6d2a\u707d\u7684\u5340\u57df\uff0c1938-1947\u3002<\/p><p class=\"wp-custom-description\">Source: Micah S. Muscolino, The Ecology of War in China: Henan Province, the Yellow River, and Beyond, 1938-1947 (Cambridge University Press, 2015)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>1938\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u6cb3\u5357\u958b\u5c01\u5e02\u6dea\u9677\u5f8c\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u96c6\u4e2d\u706b\u529b\u653b\u64ca\u912d\u5dde\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u8ecd\u6467\u6bc0\u958b\u5c01\u5e02\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u9435\u8def\u6a4b\u4f86\u963b\u6b62\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u8d8a\u904e\u9ec3\u6cb3\uff0c\u4f46\u7121\u6cd5\u9577\u4e45\u4fdd\u4f4f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002 \u96a8\u8457\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u6e96\u5099\u596a\u53d6\u6b66\u6f22\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u660e\u986f\u7684\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u6574\u500b\u596e\u6230\u53ef\u80fd\u5931\u6557\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u6230\u722d\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u4e0d\u5229\u65bc\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u8ecd\u968a\uff0c\u70ba\u963b\u6493\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u524d\u9032\uff0c\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u7684\u8ecd\u5b98\u6467\u6bc0\u9ec3\u6cb3\u5824\u9632\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u56e0\u6b64\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u5230\u9054\u912d\u5dde\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u963b\u65b7\u6cbf\u8457\u9ec3\u6cb3\u5357\u5cb8\u7684\u96b4\u6d77\u9435\u8def\uff0c\u505c\u6b62\u6575\u65b9\u7684\u524d\u9032\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u8ecd\u968a\u7684\u64a4\u9000\u3002\u5426\u5247\uff0c\u6b66\u6f22\u5728\u5e7e\u5929\u5167\u5c31\u6703\u88ab\u653b\u4e0b\uff0c\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u653f\u6b0a\u53ef\u80fd\u6c92\u6709\u6642\u9593\u64a4\u9000\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u5fc5\u9808\u6295\u964d\u3002\u7834\u58de\u5824\u9632\uff0c\u662f\u570b\u8ecd\u7684\u4e0b\u4e0b\u4e4b\u7b56\u3002\u4f46\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u9818\u8896\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6230\u7565\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u6d2a\u6c34\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7834\u58de\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5b58\u4ea1\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_515\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"width: 777 px\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-515\" src=\"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG-1-Nat-troops-1938-767x800.jpg\" alt=\"China Nationalist troops Yellow River flood 1938\" width=\"767\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG-1-Nat-troops-1938-767x800.jpg 767w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG-1-Nat-troops-1938-240x250.jpg 240w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG-1-Nat-troops-1938-981x1024.jpg 981w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG-1-Nat-troops-1938-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 100vw, 767px\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u4e2d\u570b\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u8ecd\u968a\u8d8a\u904e\u9ec3\u6cb3\u6d2a\u6c34\u3002<\/p><p class=\"wp-custom-description\">Source: Guomin zhengfu Zhongyang xuanchuanbu. Courtesy of Qinfeng lao zhaopian guan, Kangzhan Zhongguo guoji tongxun zhaopian. Guilin: Guangxi shifan daxue chubanshe, 2008.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u6467\u6bc0\u5824\u9632\u6bd4\u9810\u671f\u4f86\u5f97\u56f0\u96e3\u30026\u67084\u65e5\u81f36\u65e5\uff0c\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u8ecd\u968a\u5728\u6cb3\u5357\u4e2d\u725f\u7e23\u7684\u5468\u53e3\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u5169\u6b21\u5824\u9632\u638f\u7a7a\u548c\u7206\u7834\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u5931\u6557\u4e86\u3002\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d66\u5927\u773e\u7684\u8b66\u8a0a\u6975\u5c11\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u88ab\u65e5\u672c\u8ecd\u968a\u767c\u73fe\u800c\u52a0\u5feb\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u8523\u4ecb\u77f3\u5f9e\u6b66\u6f22\u6253\u96fb\u8a71\u7d66\u6cb3\u5357\u8ecd\u5340\u7684\u6307\u63ee\u5b98\u4f86\u78ba\u4fdd\u4ed6\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5f97\u5230\u57f7\u884c\u3002\u5e7e\u5929\u5f8c\uff0c\u5728\u912d\u5dde\u5317\u90e8\u82b1\u5712\u53e3\u9032\u884c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5824\u58e9\u7684\u7206\u7834\u3002 6\u67089\u65e5\uff0c\u9ec3\u6cb3\u7684\u6cb3\u6c34\u5f9e\u7206\u7834\u7522\u751f\u7684\u7f3a\u53e3\u6ea2\u51fa\u3002\u7576\u6642\uff0c\u65e5\u8ecd\u8ddd\u96e2\u7576\u5730\u4e0d\u523050\u516c\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7acb\u5373\u7684\u5f8c\u679c<\/h2>\n<p>\u9ec3\u6cb3\u6e3e\u6fc1\u7684\u6cb3\u6c34\uff0c\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u56e0\u70ba\u6bcf\u5e74\u590f\u5b63\u7684\u96e8\u6c34\u800c\u66b4\u6f32\uff0c\u8d77\u521d\u53ea\u662f\u7de9\u6162\u79fb\u52d5\u3002\u4f46\u6b64\u6b21\u6d2a\u6c34\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u6ea2\u51fa\u5824\u58e9\u7684\u7f3a\u53e3\uff0c\u5411\u6771\u5357\u65b9\u524d\u9032\uff0c\u963b\u65b7\u65e5\u8ecd\u7684\u8def\u7dda\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u9130\u8fd1\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u6536\u5230\u4e2d\u570b\u7576\u5c40\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u3002\u6cb3\u5357\u6771\u90e8\u5e73\u5766\u7684\u6c96\u7a4d\u5e73\u539f\u6eff\u4f48\u8fb2\u6751\u548c\u8fb2\u7530\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u9032\u653b\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u590f\u521d\u7684\u96e8\u5b63\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u9ec3\u6cb3\u7684\u6c34\u4f4d\u6700\u9ad8\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u5e7e\u5929\uff0c\u6c34\u4f4d\u4e0a\u5347\u800c\u5f31\u5316\u4e86\u5468\u53e3\u5730\u5340\u7684\u9632\u79a6\u529b\u3002\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9ec3\u6cb3\u6d41\u5411\u6771\u5357\u65b9\uff0c\u8d8a\u904e\u6cb3\u5357\u5e73\u5766\u7684\u6771\u90e8\u5e73\u539f\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u4e0b\u96e8\uff0c\u6cb3\u6d41\u5f62\u6210\u5c0f\u7011\u5e03\uff0c\u6df9\u6c92\u6574\u500b\u5730\u5340\u3002<\/p>\n<p><object width=\"420\" height=\"315\" classid=\"clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http:\/\/download.macromedia.com\/pub\/shockwave\/cabs\/flash\/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\"><param name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\" \/><param name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\" \/><param name=\"src\" value=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/v\/hR_BdwLRQl8\" \/><param name=\"allowfullscreen\" value=\"true\" \/><embed width=\"420\" height=\"315\" type=\"application\/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/v\/hR_BdwLRQl8\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" allowscriptaccess=\"always\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" \/><\/object><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>1938\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u4e2d\u90e8\u9ec3\u6cb3\u6d2a\u6c34\u7684\u65b0\u805e\u6372\u8ef8\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Source: British Path\u00e9\/Path\u00e9 Gazette, \u2018Floods in China,\u2019 newsreel, 1938<\/p>\n<p>\u6d2a\u6c34\u6070\u9022\u8fb2\u4f5c\u7269\u6536\u6210\u65fa\u5b63\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u7530\u88e1\u7684\u5c0f\u9ea5\u525b\u6210\u719f\u6216\u525b\u88ab\u63a1\u6536\u6e96\u5099\u6253\u7a40\u3002\u8981\u653e\u68c4\u838a\u7a3c\u548c\u8fb2\u7530\uff0c\u8b93\u8fb2\u6c11\u5f88\u9072\u7591\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4e0d\u60c5\u9858\u5730\u96e2\u958b\u8fb2\u5834\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u6751\u6c11\u8a66\u5716\u5efa\u9020\u6216\u52a0\u5f37\u5824\u58e9\uff0c\u4f86\u4fdd\u8b77\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u571f\u5730\u548c\u5bb6\u5712\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u6d2a\u6c34\u771f\u7684\u4f86\u81e8\u6642\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u9078\u64c7\u9003\u96e3\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8ca1\u7269\u5806\u5728\u624b\u63a8\u8eca\u8207\u725b\u8eca\u4e0a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7528\u6241\u64d4\u80cc\u8d77\u5b83\u5011\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u96e3\u6c11\u7684\u884c\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eba\u5011\u8a66\u5716\u62ef\u6551\u5e7c\u5152\u548c\u8001\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u8a2d\u6cd5\u6436\u6551\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7272\u755c\uff0c\u7ce7\u98df\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u6642\u9593\u4f86\u6436\u6551\u4e00\u5207\u3002 \u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u6eba\u6b7b; \u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u8271\u96e3\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u6708\u751a\u81f3\u5e7e\u5e74\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u56e0\u70ba\u75be\u75c5\u6216\u98e2\u9913\u800c\u6b7b\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u6771\u90e8\uff0c\u9ec3\u6cb3\u7684\u8f49\u5411\u963b\u6b62\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5165\u4fb5\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u653e\u68c4\u897f\u9032\u3002 \u912d\u5dde\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9435\u8def\u4ea4\u532f\u8655\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u5f97\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b88\u4f4f\u3002\u5357\u4eac\u6dea\u9677\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u81e8\u6642\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6f22\u53e3\u5e02\u5f97\u4ee5\u66ab\u6642\u5598\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6230\u7565\u4e0a\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7834\u58de\u5824\u9632\u53ef\u80fd\u8b93\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u7684\u8ecd\u968a\u6709\u6642\u9593\u64a4\u9000\u548c\u91cd\u6574\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e2d\u570b\u8ecd\u968a\u978f\u56fa\u912d\u5dde\u5730\u5340\u7684\u9632\u79a6\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u65e5\u672c\u5766\u514b\u548c\u79fb\u52d5\u5f0f\u7684\u706b\u70ae\u9677\u5165\u6ce5\u6fd8\u6230\u5834\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b78\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u6cb3\u6d41\u7684\u8f49\u5411\u963b\u6b62\u65e5\u672c\u4f54\u9818\u9435\u8def\u4ea4\u6703\u8655\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4e5f\u88ab\u62d6\u5ef6\u4e86\u6578\u500b\u6708\u624d\u9032\u5165\u6b66\u6f22\uff0c\u8b93\u4e2d\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u6642\u9593\u5c07\u9996\u90fd\u9077\u5f80\u4e2d\u570b\u897f\u5357\u7684\u91cd\u6176\u5e02\u3002\u4f46\u65e5\u672c\u53ea\u662f\u6539\u8b8a\u884c\u9032\u8def\u7dda\uff0c\u5f9e\u7531\u5317\u5f80\u5357\u653b\u64ca\u9435\u8def\u6cbf\u7dda\u7684\u9678\u5730\uff0c\u8f49\u70ba\u6d77\u8ecd\u548c\u6b65\u5175\u90e8\u968a\u7684\u5169\u68f2\u653b\u64ca\u9577\u6c5f\u6cbf\u5cb8\u30021938\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u64a4\u9000\u5230\u4e2d\u570b\u5167\u5730\u5f8c\uff0c\u6b66\u6f22\u6dea\u9677\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_517\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"width: 602 px\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-517\" src=\"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG-3-Yellow-River-victims-1938-592x800.jpg\" alt=\"IMG 3 Yellow River victims 1938 China\" width=\"592\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG-3-Yellow-River-victims-1938-592x800.jpg 592w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG-3-Yellow-River-victims-1938-185x250.jpg 185w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG-3-Yellow-River-victims-1938-758x1024.jpg 758w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 592px) 100vw, 592px\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u9ec3\u6cb3\u6d2a\u707d\u6c11\u3002<\/p><p class=\"wp-custom-description\">Source: Guomin zhengfu Zhongyang xuanchuanbu. Courtesy of Qinfeng lao zhaopian guan, Kangzhan Zhongguo guoji tongxun zhaopian. Guilin: Guangxi shifan daxue chubanshe, 2008.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u6b66\u6f22\u4e00\u6dea\u9677\uff0c\u7532\u5348\u6230\u722d\u4fbf\u9677\u5165\u50f5\u5c40\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u6e38\u64ca\u6230\u6301\u7e8c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3b\u8981\u6230\u5f79\u5df2\u7d50\u675f\u3002 \u5728\u505c\u6b62\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u8ecd\u968a\u4f54\u9818\u4e2d\u570b\u5317\u90e8\u548c\u6771\u90e8\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u9435\u8def\u8def\u7dda\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002 \u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u653f\u6b0a\u5247\u978f\u56fa\u5c0d\u897f\u5317\u548c\u897f\u5357\u5730\u5340\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002 \u524d\u7dda\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u5730\u5f62\u7279\u5fb5\u4f86\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002 \u65e5\u672c\u8ecd\u968a\u7121\u6cd5\u8207\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u6240\u4f54\u9818\u7684\u5c71\u5dba\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c55\u958b\u6a5f\u52d5\u6027\u9ad8\u7684\u6230\u722d\uff0c\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u5728\u9ec3\u6cb3\u6d2a\u6c34\u6c3e\u6feb\u7684\u5ee3\u5927\u5730\u5340\u767c\u63ee\u6230\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u9577\u671f\u7d50\u679c<\/h2>\n<p>\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u5c07\u9ec3\u6cb3\u8b8a\u6210\u6b66\u5668\u6240\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7acb\u5373\u7684\u6230\u7565\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u5de8\u5927\u4ee3\u50f9\u3002 \u9ec3\u6cb3\u3127\u6539\u9053\uff0c\u5c31\u66a2\u901a\u5730\u8d8a\u904e\u6cb3\u5357\u6771\u90e8\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u6b64\u8655\u5317\u90e8\u6d77\u62d4\u666e\u904d\u9ad8\u65bc\u5357\u90e8; 1855\u5e74\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u820a\u7684\u6cb3\u9053\u4e26\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u9ec3\u6cb3\u5f80\u65b0\u7684\u6cb3\u9053\u8d70\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u5730\u5f62\u80fd\u5920\u963b\u6b62\u9ec3\u6cb3\u5411\u6771\u5357\u6d41\u52d5\u532f\u5165\u6dee\u6cb3\u3002 \u6c3e\u6feb\u7684\u6d2a\u6c34\u4ee5\u6bcf\u592916\u516c\u91cc\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u901f\u5ea6\u63a8\u9032\uff0c\u6d41\u5411\u901a\u5f80\u6dee\u6cb3\u7684\u7a84\u5c0f\u6eaa\u6cb3\u7684\u6cb3\u5e8a\u3002 \u6d2a\u6c34\u586b\u6eff\u9019\u4e9b\u6c34\u9053\uff0c\u7834\u58de\u5824\u5cb8\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u5011\u6ea2\u51fa\uff0c\u6df9\u6c92\u6771\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u7530\u91ce\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1938\u5e747\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u6d2a\u6c34\u9032\u5165\u6dee\u6cb3\u6e90\u982d\uff0c\u8f49\u5411\u6771\u5317\u65b9\uff0c\u5207\u65b7\u6d25\u6d66\u9435\u8def\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6e67\u5165\u6d2a\u6fa4\u6e56\u3002\u6e56\u6c34\u6ea2\u51fa\uff0c\u6e67\u9032\u6c5f\u8607\uff0c\u8b8a\u6210\u4e09\u689d\u5c0f\u6eaa\uff0c\u6d41\u5411\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u3002\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u52a0\u5287\u4e86\u707d\u96e3\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u590f\u5b63\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u964d\u96e8\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u6d2a\u6c34\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6574\u500b\u516d\u6708\u548c\u4e03\u6708\u90fd\u4e0b\u5927\u96e8\u3002\u6cb3\u6c34\u56e0\u6b64\u66b4\u6f32\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_518\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"width: 810 px\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-518\" src=\"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG-2-800x589.jpg\" alt=\"IMG 2 Japanese bombard Yellow River\" width=\"800\" height=\"589\" srcset=\"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG-2-800x589.jpg 800w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG-2-250x184.jpg 250w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG-2-1024x754.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u8f5f\u70b8\u9ec3\u6cb3\u6cb3\u5cb8\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u7832\u5175\u3002<\/p><p class=\"wp-custom-description\">Source: Guomin zhengfu Zhongyang xuanchuanbu. Courtesy of Qinfeng lao zhaopian guan, Kangzhan Zhongguo guoji tongxun zhaopian. Guilin: Guangxi shifan daxue chubanshe, 2008.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u6574\u500b\u4e8c\u6230\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u8ecd\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u8ecd\u9032\u884c\u6c34\u6230\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u7686\u529b\u6c42\u904b\u7528\u6cb3\u6c34\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4f86\u727d\u5236\u5c0d\u65b9\u30021938\u5e74\u9ec3\u6cb3\u8f49\u5411\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e2d\u65e5\u5169\u8ecd\u5728\u9ec3\u6cb3\u7684\u65b0\u6cb3\u9053\u4e0a\u7dda\u5c0d\u5cd9\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u9ec3\u6cb3\u6210\u70ba\u6230\u7565\u4e0a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u524d\u7dda\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u8ecd\u4e8b\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u7686\u82b1\u8cbb\u5927\u91cf\u7cbe\u529b\u8207\u6cb3\u6c34\u5408\u529b\u3001\u5728\u6cb3\u6c34\u4e0a\u3001\u5c0d\u6297\u6cb3\u6c34\u4f86\u9054\u6210\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u5c0e\u5f15\u6d41\u5411\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u4ee5\u978f\u56fa\u6240\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e26\u52a0\u4ee5\u5e03\u7f72\u4f86\u5c0d\u6297\u6575\u4eba\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u57f7\u884c\u6230\u722d\u671f\u9593\u7684\u6c34\u5229\u5de5\u7a0b\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u8ecd\u968a\u8207\u96b8\u5c6c\u8ecd\u968a\u7684\u6c34\u5229\u7ba1\u7406\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u52d5\u54e1\u5927\u91cf\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u548c\u7269\u8cc7\u3002\u4f46\uff0c\u96a8\u84571938\u5e74\u6d2a\u6c34\u6c3e\u6feb\uff0c\u96e3\u6c11\u9003\u96e2\u6cb3\u5357\u7701\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca1942\u5e74\u98e2\u8352\u8972\u64ca\u6cb3\u5357\u7701\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6e90\u8b8a\u5f97\u6975\u96e3\u7372\u5f97\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u5df2\u53d7\u6230\u722d\u548c\u6c34\u707d\u6467\u6b98\u7684\u5340\u57df\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7269\u8cc7\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u52a0\u91cd\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u8ca0\u64d4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9ec3\u6cb3\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u9b25\u722d\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u52d5\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3b\u52d5\u632b\u6557\u4eba\u985e\u70ba\u4e86\u8ecd\u4e8b\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u5851\u9020\u9ec3\u6cb3\u8def\u5f91\u6240\u505a\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u5982\u540c\u904e\u53bb\uff0c\u7576\u9ec3\u6cb3\u6cb3\u6c34\u6de4\u7a4d\uff0c\u6c34\u4f4d\u4e0a\u5347\u800c\u6ea2\u51fa\uff0c\u539f\u6709\u7684\u6cb3\u9053\u6539\u8b8a\u6642\uff0c\u9ec3\u6cb3\u6399\u812b\u4eba\u70ba\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u70ba\u7d04\u675f\u9ec3\u6cb3\uff0c\u6c34\u5229\u5de5\u7a0b\u7cfb\u7d71\u8caa\u5a6a\u5730\u5229\u7528\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u5207\u52aa\u529b\u90fd\u662f\u5f92\u52de\u7121\u529f\u3002\u5728\u5168\u9762\u958b\u6230\u6642\uff0c\u8ecd\u968a\u541e\u566c\u53ca\u6467\u6bc0\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u8cc7\u6e90\u6642\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u7cdf\u7684\u60e1\u6027\u5faa\u74b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><object width=\"420\" height=\"315\" classid=\"clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http:\/\/download.macromedia.com\/pub\/shockwave\/cabs\/flash\/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\"><param name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\" \/><param name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\" \/><param name=\"src\" value=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/v\/ZhxiX9KKDrQ\" \/><param name=\"allowfullscreen\" value=\"true\" \/><embed width=\"420\" height=\"315\" type=\"application\/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/v\/ZhxiX9KKDrQ\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" allowscriptaccess=\"always\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" \/><\/object><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>1946\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u5de5\u4eba\u91cd\u65b0\u5229\u7528\u9ec3\u6cb3\u7684\u65b0\u805e\u6372\u8ef8\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Source: British Path\u00e9\/Path\u00e9 Gazette, \u2018Reharnessing The Yellow River,\u2019 newsreel, 1946<\/p>\n<p>\u96a8\u8457\u6de4\u6ce5\u5c0e\u81f4\u6cb3\u5e8a\u4e0a\u5347\u800c\u6d2a\u6c34\u7684\u5a01\u8105\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u6cb3\u5e95\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u6c89\u7a4d\u7269\u589e\u6dfb\u4e86\u707d\u96e3\u3002\u6cb3\u6d41\u6c89\u7a4d\u6578\u767e\u842c\u5678\u6de4\u6ce5\uff0c\u5206\u4f48\u65bc\u5ee3\u5927\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u3002 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id=\"attachment_513\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"width: 810 px\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-513\" src=\"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/YellowChannelsLARGER-IMAGE-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"China Yellow River course through history\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/YellowChannelsLARGER-IMAGE-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/YellowChannelsLARGER-IMAGE-250x167.jpg 250w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/YellowChannelsLARGER-IMAGE-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/YellowChannelsLARGER-IMAGE.jpg 896w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5730\u5716\u986f\u793a\u6578\u5343\u5e74\u4f86\u9ec3\u6cb3\u6cb3\u9053\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u30021938\u5e74\u5824\u58e9\u5efa\u9020\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9ec3\u6cb3\u6cb3\u9053\u662f\u5730\u5716\u4e0a\u6a19\u793aI \u7684\u6700\u300c\u5357\u300d\u7684\u8def\u7dda\u3002\uff08\u7de8\u8005\u8a3b\uff1a\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u5730\u5716\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\uff1a\u592a\u884c\u5c71\u7684\u62fc\u6cd5\u61c9\u8a72\u662fTaihang\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662fTaihung\uff0c1048\u6cb3\u9053\u61c9\u51fa\u73fe\u5728A\u7dda\u548cB\u7dda\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5c71\u6771\u534a\u5cf6\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684E\u7dda\u3002\uff09<\/p><p class=\"wp-custom-description\">Source: http:\/\/news.wustl.edu\/news\/Pages\/27041.aspx Map courtesy of the Journal of Archaeological and Anthropological 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href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u570b\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u653f\u6b0a\u5fb5\u52df\u6c11\u5de5\uff0c\u5728\u6df9\u6c34\u5730\u5340\u5efa\u8a2d\u65b0\u7684\u5824\u58e9\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u6551\u707d\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u707d\u6c11\u7528\u52de\u529b\u4f86\u4ea4\u63db\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u7d66\u7576\u5730\u793e\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u984d\u5916\u7684\u8ca0\u64d4\u3002\u300c\u7576\u8cc7\u91d1\u88ab\u5206\u914d[\u7d66\u6c11\u5de5\u6642]\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u5e38\u638c\u63a7\u5728\u4ed6\u4eba\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u5b88\u885b\u8207\u5169\u65b9\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7e3d\u76e3\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u76dc\u7528\u516c\u6b3e\u6216\u662f\u6536\u53d6\u5404\u9805\u96dc\u8cbb\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u6578\u7684\u8cc7\u52a9\u662f\u6309\u7167\u898f\u5b9a\u5206\u7d66\u8ca7\u6236\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f88\u96e3\u907f\u514d\u5730\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u7a7a\u8179\u4e0b\u8f9b\u52e4\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u8eab\u9ad4\u5065\u5168\u7684\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8058\u8acb\u66ff\u4ee3\u52de\u5de5\u3002\u7d55\u671b\u7684\u707d\u6c11\u5011\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u7121\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u6551\u6fdf\u91d1\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9084\u8981\u8ce3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u548c\u8ca1\u7522\u4f86\u511f\u9084\u50b5\u52d9\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u6cbb\u7621\u800c\u5272\u4e0b\u4e00\u5927\u584a\u8089\u4e0d\u662f\u6551\u707d\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u672c\u610f\u300d<a href=\"#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u65bc\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u5824\u9632\u7dad\u4fee\u5831\u544a\u9084\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u300c\u8abf\u67e5\u904e\u5de5\u4f5c\u90e8\u9580\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u60c5\u6cc1\u5f8c\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u591a\u5229\u7528\u5a66\u5973\u548c\u672a\u6210\u719f\u7684[\u5152\u7ae5\u96e3\u6c11]\u9019\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f03\u8f15\u9b06\u7684\u52de\u529b\u3002\u300d<a href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>1942\u5e74\u9ec3\u6cb3\u6d2a\u6c34\u518d\u6b21\u885d\u7834\u5824\u58e9\u6642\uff0c\u5728\u6cb3\u5357\u7701\u7684\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u9ee8\u8ecd\u7684\u9ad8\u968e\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\uff0c\u52d5\u54e1\u56db\u5341\u842c\u540d\u58eb\u5175\u548c\u6c11\u5de5\u4fee\u7406\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u9060\u9060\u9054\u4e0d\u5230\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u7576\u5e74\u8a72\u7701\u7684\u98e2\u8352\u3002\u5824\u9632\u65bd\u5de5\u5831\u544a\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<br \/>\n\u300c\u5c71\u6771 &#8211; \u6c5f\u8607 &#8211; \u5b89\u5fbd &#8211; \u6cb3\u5357\u908a\u9632\u5340\u7684\u6307\u63ee\u5b98\u6e6f\u6069\u4f2f\uff0c\u7c4c\u7d44\u4e86\u6aa2\u67e5\u5c0f\u7d44\u9032\u884c\u8996\u5bdf\uff0c\u4e26\u53ec\u958b\u6703\u8b70\uff0c\u52d5\u54e1\u58eb\u5175\u548c\u6cbf\u6cb3\u7684\u5e73\u6c11\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5167\u8fc5\u901f\u9032\u884c\u548c\u5b8c\u6210\u4fee\u88dc\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u9810\u671f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7de9\u89e3\u6d2a\u707d\u9020\u6210\u7684\u707d\u96e3\uff0c\u4f7f\u8ecd\u968a\u548c\u6c11\u751f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7372\u76ca\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba1943\u5e74\u6cb3\u5357\u6625\u5b63\u7684\u9951\u8352\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u9053\u8def\u6eff\u662f\u98e2\u9913\u800c\u6b7b\u7684\u5c4d\u9ad4\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5149\u7dd2\u4e09\u5e74\uff081877\uff09\u4ee5\u4f86\u5e7e\u4e4e\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u666f\u8c61\u3002\u6cbf\u6cb3\u7684\u99d0\u8ecd\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u55ae\u4f4d\u4e5f\u6709\u7279\u5225\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u5c08\u6ce8\u5728\u5824\u58e9\u7dad\u4fee\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u9805\u76ee\u7121\u6cd5\u6309\u9810\u671f\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u6625\u5b63\u9ad8\u6c34\u4f4d\u7684\u5b63\u7bc0\u4e94\u6708\u4efd\uff0c\u6cb3\u6c34\u4e0a\u6f32\uff0c\u6771\u5317\u98a8\u66b4\u731b\u70c8\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6ff0\u5c71\u7e23\u69ae\u6751\u4e0b\u65b9\u5341\u4e94\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u5824\u58e9\u7834\u88c2\u3002\u300d <a href=\"#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u4e09\u5e74\u6625\u5929\u7684\u9951\u8352\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u623f\u5c4b\u90fd\u7a7a\u7121\u4e00\u7269\u88ab\u907a\u68c4\uff0c\u6cbf\u6cb3\u5730\u5340\u6700\u56b4\u91cd\u300d\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u8352\u9020\u6210\u7684\u98e2\u9913\u5927\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u76ca\uff0c\u300c\u5c0f\u9ea5\u6536\u6210\u5f8c\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u7e23\u7684\u6c11\u5de5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5403\u98fd\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u7a81\u7136\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u300d \u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f2a\u5824\u9632\u4fee\u7e55\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u662f\u4fdd\u8b77\u9ec3\u6cb3\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u963b\u64cb\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u9632\u79a6\u5c4f\u969c\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5176\u5411\u5357\u9077\u79fb\u4e26\u64f4\u6563\u3002\u4f46\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u628a\u63e1\u7684\u3002\u5831\u544a\u63d0\u51fa\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u300c\u6d2a\u6c34\u5b63\u7bc0\u904e\u5f8c\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u5c01\u4f4f\u88c2\u53e3\u4e26\u6436\u4fee\u6240\u6709\u7834\u820a\u5824\u9632\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u7bc4\u6c34\u4f4d\u5347\u9ad8\u548c\u7de9\u89e3\u6d2a\u707d\uff0c\u5c0d\u570b\u9632\u548c\u6c11\u751f\u624d\u662f\u66f4\u6709\u5229\u7684\u3002\u300d<a href=\"#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_524\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"width: 810 px\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-524\" src=\"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG-4-Yellow-River-refugees1-800x578.jpg\" alt=\"IMG 4 Yellow River refugees\" width=\"800\" height=\"578\" srcset=\"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG-4-Yellow-River-refugees1-800x578.jpg 800w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG-4-Yellow-River-refugees1-250x181.jpg 250w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG-4-Yellow-River-refugees1-1024x740.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u9ec3\u6cb3\u6d2a\u707d\u7684\u96e3\u6c11\u3002<\/p><p class=\"wp-custom-description\">Source: Guomin zhengfu Zhongyang xuanchuanbu. Courtesy of Qinfeng lao zhaopian guan, Kangzhan Zhongguo guoji tongxun zhaopian. Guilin: Guangxi shifan daxue chubanshe, 2008.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>\u8cac\u4efb\u6b78\u5c6c<\/h2>\n<p>\u6253\u7834\u9ec3\u6cb3\u5824\u58e9\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u4e2d\u65e5\u6230\u722d\u4e2d\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u6240\u63a1\u7528\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u7684\u7126\u571f\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u662f\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u5c0d\u65e5\u6230\u722d\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7d55\u671b\u548c\u6050\u614c\u6c1b\u570d\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u653f\u6b0a\u9858\u610f\u72a7\u7272\u4eba\u6c11\u548c\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u4f7f\u570b\u5bb6\u812b\u96e2\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u7834\u58de\u9ec3\u6cb3\u5824\u58e9\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u80a1\u8da8\u52e2\u7684\u5be6\u4f8b\u3002\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u5011\u8207\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u8fd1\u4ee3\u653f\u6b0a\u6c92\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c\u62ef\u6551\u570b\u5bb6\u300d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u7576\u5316\u5e73\u6c11\u88ab\u7121\u9650\u5730\u72a7\u7272\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6574\u500b\u6230\u722d\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u653f\u5e9c\u62d2\u7d55\u70ba\u9ec3\u6cb3\u8f49\u5411\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u707d\u96e3\u8ca0\u8cac\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u653f\u5e9c\u8072\u7a31\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u8f5f\u70b8\u5824\u58e9\u800c\u9020\u6210\u6d2a\u707d\uff0c\u5c07\u9019\u5834\u707d\u96e3\u8aaa\u6210\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u5e73\u6c11\u65bd\u4ee5\u66b4\u884c\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002 1938\u5e74\u590f\u5929\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u5831\u7d19\u4e5f\u4f9d\u5faa\u5b98\u65b9\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u5426\u8a8d\u9019\u4e9b\u6307\u63a7\uff0c\u8072\u660e\u6c34\u707d\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u7121\u8996\u4eba\u547d\u7684\u8b49\u660e\u30021945\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u7576\u707d\u96e3\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u539f\u56e0\u7d42\u65bc\u771f\u76f8\u5927\u767d\u6642\uff0c\u570b\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u6539\u8b8a\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u8aaa\u8a5e\uff0c\u6539\u7a31\u6c34\u707d\u662f\u6297\u6230\u671f\u9593\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u6c11\u70ba\u4e86\u62ef\u6551\u570b\u5bb6\u800c\u72a7\u7272\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u3002<a href=\"#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_522\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"width: 810 px\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-522\" src=\"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG-9-Yellow-River-dykes-Nationalists-800x575.jpg\" alt=\"IMG 9 Yellow River dykes Nationalists\" width=\"800\" height=\"575\" srcset=\"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG-9-Yellow-River-dykes-Nationalists-800x575.jpg 800w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG-9-Yellow-River-dykes-Nationalists-250x180.jpg 250w, https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/IMG-9-Yellow-River-dykes-Nationalists-1024x736.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u570b\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u58eb\u5175\u6307\u63ee\u5728\u5824\u58e9\u4e0a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u3002<\/p><p class=\"wp-custom-description\">Source: Guomin zhengfu Zhongyang xuanchuanbu. Courtesy of Qinfeng lao zhaopian guan, Kangzhan Zhongguo guoji tongxun zhaopian. Guilin: Guangxi shifan daxue chubanshe, 2008.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u5f9e\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u8523\u4ecb\u77f3\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u662f\u7368\u4e00\u7121\u4e8c\u7684\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u524d\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u8ecd\u968a\u6709\u597d\u5e7e\u6b21\u6545\u610f\u6539\u8b8a\u6cb3\u6d41\u7684\u6d41\u5411\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u53d6\u5f97\u512a\u52e2\u4e26\u4f5c\u70ba\u62b5\u79a6\u5916\u4fb5\u7684\u5c4f\u969c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u7f6e\u7576\u5730\u4eba\u6c11\u6216\u63d0\u4f9b\u6551\u6fdf\u7b49\u4f5c\u70ba\u3002\u8523\u4ecb\u77f3\u53ca\u5c6c\u4e0b\u7528\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6230\u7565\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u5229\u7528\u9ec3\u6cb3\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u8655\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u70ba\u5c0d\u6297\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5165\u4fb5\u800c\u5168\u9762\u958b\u6253\u6642\uff0c\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u653f\u6b0a\u52d5\u7528\u66f4\u5ee3\u5927\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8cc7\u6e90\u548c\u4eba\u529b\u4f86\u8ffd\u6c42\u5b83\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u74b0\u5883\u6210\u70ba\u6230\u722d\u7684\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u985e\u6210\u70ba\u8ecd\u4e8b\u6a5f\u5668\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u88ab\u8feb\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u540d\u7fa9\u72a7\u7272\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u91cd\u5efa<\/h2>\n<p>\u76f4\u52301945\u5e74\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u707d\u5340\u624d\u5f9e\u707d\u96e3\u4e2d\u5fa9\u539f\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u9ec3\u6cb3\u707d\u5340\u5f97\u5230\u806f\u5408\u570b\u5584\u5f8c\u6551\u6fdf\u7e3d\u7f72\uff08UNRRA\uff09\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u5916\u63f4\uff0c\u5b83\u8207\u4e2d\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u5584\u5f8c\u6551\u6fdf\u5c40\uff08CNRRA\uff09\u651c\u624b\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u6230\u722d\u53d7\u5275\u5340\u767c\u8d77\u91cd\u5efa\u8a08\u5283\u30021946\u5e74\u548c1947\u5e74\uff0c\u6578\u842c\u540d\u7684\u52de\u5de5\u5728UNRRA\u8207CNRRA\u7684\u76e3\u7763\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c07\u9ec3\u6cb3\u56de\u5fa9\u81f31938\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6cb3\u9053\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u7269\u8cc7\u652f\u63f4\u7d66\u56de\u5230\u6cb3\u5357\u6df9\u6c34\u5340\u7684\u707d\u6c11\uff0c\u4e26\u5354\u52a9\u4ed6\u5011\u5c07\u571f\u5730\u6062\u5fa9\u8015\u7a2e\uff0c\u4f7f\u906d\u53d7\u6230\u722d\u8e42\u8eaa\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8b8a\u56de\u5177\u6709\u751f\u7522\u529b\u7684\u8fb2\u696d\u666f\u89c0\u3002<a href=\"#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u8861\u91cf\u6a19\u6e96<\/h2>\n<p>1938\u5e74\u81f31945\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u6d2a\u6c34\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7834\u58de\u898f\u6a21\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u672a\u7d93\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6230\u6642\u7684\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9a\u9020\u6210\u7121\u6cd5\u6e96\u78ba\u91cf\u5316\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c1945\u5e74\u4ee5\u5f8c\u7de8\u5236\u7684\u640d\u5bb3\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u50b3\u905e\u707d\u96e3\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\uff08\u898b\u4e0b\u88681\u548c\u88682\uff09\u3002 \u6230\u5f8c\u8abf\u67e5\u4f30\u8a08\uff0c\u4ee5\u6cb3\u5357\u6771\u90e8\u906d\u53d7\u6c34\u707d\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u500b\u7e23\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c32\uff05\u7684\u8015\u5730\uff08733.8\u842c\u755d= 48.92\u842c\u516c\u9803\uff09\u88ab\u6df9\u6c92\u3002<a href=\"#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8868\u683c1\uff1a\u6cb3\u5357\u5b89\u5fbd\u6c5f\u82cf\u6d2a\u707e\u5730\u533a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"125\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">Number of counties affected<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">Original cultivated area (mu)<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">Flooded area (mu)<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">Percentage of cultivated land flooded<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"125\">Total<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">44<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">57,635,000<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">19,934,000<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"125\">Henan<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">20<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">23,227,000<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">7,338,000<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"125\">Anhui<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">18<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">21,997,000<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">10,819,000<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"125\">Jiangsu<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">12,411,000<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">1,777,000<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Han Qitong and Nan Zhongwan, <em>Huangfanqu de sunhai yu shanhou jiuji<\/em>, 18.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8868\u683c2\uff1a\u6cb3\u5357\u5b89\u5fbd\u6c5f\u82cf\u6b7b\u4ea1\/\u6d41\u6c11\u4eba\u53e3<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"125\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">Displaced Population<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">Percentage of population displaced<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">Deaths<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">Deaths as percentage of total population<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"125\">Total<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">3,911,354<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">20.1<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">893,303<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">4.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"125\">Henan<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">1,172,639<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">17.3<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">325,589<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">4.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"125\">Anhui<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">2,536,315<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">28<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">407,514<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">4.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"125\">Jiangsu<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">202,400<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">5.7<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">160,200<\/td>\n<td width=\"125\">4.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Han Qitong and Nan Zhongwan, <em>Huangfanqu de sunhai yu shanhoujiuji<\/em>, 22-23.<\/p>\n<p>\u64da\u5831\uff0c\u6df9\u6c34\u7684\u6cb3\u5357\u5404\u7e23\uff0c\u6d2a\u6c34\u6df9\u6c9245\uff05\u7684\u6751\u838a\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u516b\u500b\u7e23\u4e00\u534a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6751\u838a\u88ab\u6467\u6bc0\uff0c\u6cb3\u5357\u7701\u6276\u6e9d\u7e23\u88ab\u6bc0\u7684\u6751\u838a\u7e3d\u6578\u905491\uff05\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002<a href=\"#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]<\/a> \u6230\u722d\u671f\u9593\u7684\u6c34\u707d\u4f7f\u6cb3\u5357\u3001\u5b89\u5fbd\u3001\u6c5f\u8607\u7b49\u573080\u591a\u842c\u4eba\u55aa\u751f\uff0c\u8fd1400\u842c\u4eba\u6d41\u96e2\u5931\u6240\u3002\u5149\u662f\u5728\u5b89\u5fbd\uff0c\u5c31\u670940\u591a\u842c\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u800c\u64da\u5831\u5728\u6cb3\u5357\u7701\u8d85\u904e32.5\u842c\u4eba\u55aa\u751f\u3002\u6839\u64da\u6230\u5f8c\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u4f30\u8a08\uff0c\u6cb3\u5357\u6df9\u6c34\u5730\u5340\u7684\u5e73\u6c11\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6578\u4f54\u4e86\u6230\u524d\u4eba\u53e3\u76844.8\uff05\u3002\u63a8\u4f30\u6cb3\u5357\u6276\u6e9d\u7e23\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u9ad8\u905425.5\uff05\uff0c\u5c09\u6c0f\u7e2326.8\uff05\u3002<br \/>\n\u6230\u6642\u6d2a\u6c34\u4e5f\u4f7f\u6cb3\u5357\uff0c\u5b89\u5fbd\uff0c\u6c5f\u8607\u7684\u96e3\u6c11\u4eba\u6578\u8fd1\u56db\u767e\u842c\u4eba\uff0c\u4f54\u7e3d\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\u5341\u5e7e\u3002\u53ef\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6700\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u6578\u64da\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u6cb3\u5357\u7701\uff0c\u9ec3\u6cb3\u6c34\u707d\u4f7f\u6cb3\u535711.72\u591a\u842c\u4eba\u6d41\u96e2\u5931\u6240\u3002\u5728\u897f\u83ef\u7e23\uff0c\u6d41\u96e2\u5931\u6240\u7684\u96e3\u6c11\u4eba\u6578\u9054\u5230\u7e3d\u4eba\u53e3\u768467.7\uff05\uff0c\u6cb3\u5357\u6276\u6e9d\u7e23\u70ba55.1\uff05\uff0c\u5c09\u6c0f\u7e23\u70ba52.2\uff05\uff0c\u592a\u5eb7\u7e23\u70ba32.2\uff05\uff0c\u4e2d\u725f\u7e23\u70ba10\uff05\u591a\u3002<a href=\"#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Micah Muscolino\u662f\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b78\u9ed8\u9813\u5b78\u9662\uff0c\u665a\u671f\u5e1d\u570b\u8207\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e2d\u570b\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u6559\u5e2b<\/b><br \/>\n<b>\u7ffb\u8b6f: \u90b1\u5955\u9f4a <\/b><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>\u6ce8\u91cb<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> The present essay draws upon Micah S. Muscolino, <em>The Ecology of War in China: Henan Province, the Yellow River, and Beyond<\/em> (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015). The outstanding Chinese-language history of the floods is Qu Changgen, <em>Gongzui qianqiu: Huayuankou shijian yanjiu<\/em> (Merits and wrongdoings for a thousand years: Research on the Huayuankou incident) (Lanzhou: Lanzhou daxue chubanshe, 2003).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u201cHuikan Huanghe fangfan xindi baogao\u201d (Survey report on the new Yellow River flood defense dikes) (1940). Institute of Modern History Archives, Academia Sinica, Taiwan: 18-20-02-18-02. In addition to the files held at Academia Sinica, a wealth of documents related to the floods can be found at the Yellow River Archives in Zhengzhou. The Second Historical Archives in Nanjing also holds documents related to the disaster, though access has been quite limited in recent years.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u201cHuanghe shuili weiyuanhui Henan xiufangchu sanshier niandu di yi er qi zhengxiu Huangfan wancheng gongcheng baogaoshu\u201d (Yellow River Conservancy Commission Henan repair and defense office 1943 first and second period Yellow River flood repair project completion report) (1943). Institute of Modern History Archives, Academia Sinica, Taiwan: 25-22-170-(04).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u201cHuanghe shuili weiyuanhui Henan xiufangchu sanshier niandu di yi er qi zhengxiu Huangfan wancheng gongcheng baogaoshu (1943): Institute of Modern History Archives, Academia Sinica, Taiwan 25-22-170-(04).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> On shifting representations of the flood disaster see especially, Kathryn Edgerton-Tarpley, \u201cFrom \u2018Nourish the People\u2019 to \u2018Sacrifice for the Nation\u2019: Changing Responses to Disaster in Late Imperial and Modern China,\u201d <em>The Journal of Asian Studies<\/em> 73:2 (2014), 447\u2013469.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> Documents on the Yellow River re-diversion project and recovery efforts launched in the flooded area after 1945 can be found at the United Nations Archives and Records Management Section in New York.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> Han Qitong and Nan Zhongwan, <em>Huangfanqu de sunhai yu shanhou jiuji<\/em> (Damage and recovery and relief in the Yellow River flooded area) (Shanghai: Xingzhengyuan shanhou jiuji zongshu, 1948), 13\u201314, 18. Note that 1 <em>mu<\/em> is equivalent to approximately 0.0666 hectares.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> Han Qitong and Nan Zhongwan, <em>Huangfanqu de sunhai yu shanhou jiuji<\/em>, 7.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> Ibid, 22\u201323.<\/p>\n<h2>\u66f8\u76ee<\/h2>\n<p>Edgerton-Tarpley, Kathryn 2014. \u201cFrom \u2018Nourish the People\u2019 to \u2018Sacrifice for the Nation\u2019: Changing Responses to Disaster in Late Imperial and Modern China.\u201d <em>The Journal of Asian Studies<\/em> 73:2, 447\u2013469.<\/p>\n<p>Lary, Diana 2001. \u201cDrowned Earth: The Strategic Breaching of the Yellow River Dyke, 1938.\u201d <em>War in History<\/em> 8:2 (April), 191\u2013207.<\/p>\n<p>Lary, Diana 2004. \u201cThe Waters Covered the Earth: China\u2019s War-Induced Natural Disasters.\u201d In Mark Selden and Alvin So, eds. <em>War and State Terrorism: The United States, Japan, and the Asia-Pacific in the Long Twentieth Century<\/em>. Lanham, MD: Rowan and Littlefield.<\/p>\n<p>Muscolino, Micah S. 2015 <em>The Ecology of War in China: Henan Province, the Yellow River, and Beyond, 1938-1950<\/em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>English\u00a0\u7b80\u4f53 1938\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u8523\u4ecb\u77f3\u6307\u63ee\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u570b\u6c11\u9ee8\u8ecd\u968a\uff0c\u7a81\u64ca [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":384,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_locale":"zh_TW","_original_post":"667"},"categories":[8],"tags":[23],"coauthors":[41],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/671"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=671"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/671\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":798,"href":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/671\/revisions\/798"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/384"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=671"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=671"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=671"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/disasterhistory.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=671"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}